Math Workshop Klang

Infinite Learning Academy
12/17/2012
COMPLEMENTS
Infinite Learning Academy 12/17/2012
In the number system there are only nine numbers and a zero. With these we can display all multiplicity. In counting, once we are past the number ten then the numbers repeat themselves
Complements
The simple formula relates any number to the next base of ten above. For example, with the number 86, the nearest base of ten which is more than 86 is 100. 86 is 14 less than 100. 14 is called the complement of 86.
Complements
Example 1
To obtain the 783 complement of 783 217 we take each of the digits from 9 and the last from ten Complement is 217 7 from 9 =2 8 from 9 =1 3 from 10 = 7
Complements
Example 2
503700 496300 5 from 9 = 4 0 from 9 = 9 3 from 9 = 6 7 from 10 = 3 The final noughts are brought straight down.
Complements
Example 2 : Complement of 743 Example 3 : Complement of 8532 Example 4 : Complement of 70843
Complements
Exercise 1
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Question 87 94 36 42 88 75 903 1340 3564 8004

Answer
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No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Question 87 94 36 42 88 75 903 1340 3564 8004

Answer 13 06 64 58 12 25 097 8660 6436 1996

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USING COMPLEMENT IN CALCULATION

Using Complement in Calculation

What we want to do is to convert BIG no to SMALL no and do arithmetic operation on it. For example 1000 - 643= 357 We simply take each figure in 357 from 9 and the last figure from 10.

Example 2
Similarly 1000 - 649 = 351 1000 - 6 4 9 | | | 3 5 1

Only the last number subtracted from 10, and all other numbers must be subtracted from 9

Example 3 Similarly 10 000 - 1249 = 8751

10 000 - 1 2 4 9 | | | | 8 7 5 1

Example 4 For 1000 - 83, in which we have more zeros than figures in the numbers being subtracted, we simply suppose 83 is 083. So 1000 - 83 becomes 1000 - 083 = 917

10 MINUTES
Exercise 2
1) 100 - 36 = _________ 2) 100 - 74 = _________ 3) 1000 - 236 = _________ 4) 1000 - 472 = _________ 5) 1000 - 618 = _________ 6) 10 000 - 6381 = _________ 7) 10 000 - 7395 = _________ 8) 100 000 - 71095 = _________ 9) 100 000 - 93286 = _________ 10) 10000 4825 = _________
Exercise 2
1) 100 - 36 2) 100 - 74 3) 1000 - 236 4) 1000 - 472 5) 1000 - 618 6) 10 000 - 6381 7) 10 000 - 7395 8) 100 000 - 71095 9) 100 000 - 93286 10) 10 000 4825
= 64 = 26 = 764 = 528 = 382 = 3419 = 2605 = 28905 = 6714 = 5175
Exercise 2
SPEED SUBTRACTION
Subtraction Using complement (2 Digit Subtract 2 Digit)
For most of us, it is easier to add than to subtract. But if you, continue to compute from left to right and to break down problems into simpler components, subtraction can become almost as easy as addition.
Speed Subtraction
How would you minus 63- 37 = ____
Speed Subtraction
Example 1
-
62 37 _________ _________
2 - 7 = - 5 that means it is 5 short of 10 since there was negative result from subtraction operation in units place, it means that we have to reduce 6 by 1 and hence 5 - 3 = 2 . Answer would be 25
Speed Subtraction
Example 2 52 - 26 _________ _________
2 - 6 = - 4 that means it is 6 short of 10 since there was negative result from subtraction operation in units place, it means that we have to reduce 5 by 1 and hence 4 - 2 = 2 . Answer would be 26
Speed Subtraction
Example 3 453 -87 _________ _________
3 - 7 = -4 that means it is 6 short of 10 since there was negative result from subtraction operation in units place . It means that we have to reduce 5 by 1 hence 4 - 8 = -4 . That means it is 6 short of 10 there was negative result from subtraction operation in unit place it means that we have to reduce 4 by 1 and hence 4 - 1 = 3. Answer would be 366
Speed Subtraction
Exercise 3
10 minutes
Speed Subtraction
82 - 57 --------------81 - 44 --------------Infinite Learning Academy
91 - 52 -------------37 - 29 ---------------
70 - 69 --------------72 - 64 ---------------
53 - 25 --------------90 - 79 --------------12/17/2012
90 - 51 --------------61 - 25 --------------Infinite Learning Academy
72 - 33 --------------93 - 86 ---------------
57 - 19 --------------90 - 73 ---------------
80 - 71 --------------41 - 15 --------------12/17/2012
MULTIPLY BY 9
Can you multiply this with a calculator a) 342 x 999 b) 34 x 99 c) 5642 x 9999
Multiply By 9
Example : 342 x 999

We divide our answer in two parts, the LHS and RHS Step 1 : LHS We write one less than the multiplicand 342 -1 + 341 Step 2 : RHS We write the complement of the multiplicand using "All from 9 last from 10" complement for 342 = 658
Multiply by 9
Example : 34 x 99 Step 1 : LHS 34 -1 = 33 Step 2 : RHS Complement for 34 = 66 Step 3 : Answers 3366
Multiply By 9
Example : 5642 X 9999

Step 1 : LHS 5642 -1 = 5641 Step 2 : RHS Complements for 5642 = 4358 Answers 56414358
Multiply By 9
No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Question 56 X 99 46 X 99 74 X 99 65 X 99 34 X 99 67 X 99 23 X 99 87 X 99 73 X 99 92 X 99
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No 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Question 56 X 99 46 X 99 74 X 99 65 X 99 34 X 99 67 X 99 23 X 99 87 X 99 73 X 99 92 X 99
Answer
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CROSSWISE AND VERTICAL

CROSSWISE and VERTICAL

Step 1 The ones place of the product is determined vertically, by computing 68. The result, 48, tells us the ones place of the product is an 8, and we have an additional 4 tens to keep track of.

Step 2 The tens place of the product is determined crosswise, by taking both the product 67 and also the product 38, plus the extra 4 tens we have from above. This yields 42+24+4=70 tens, so the tens place of the product is 0, and we have an additional 7 hundreds to keep track of.

Step 3 Finally, the hundreds place of the product is determined vertically, by computing 37, plus the 7 extra hundreds from above. That gives 21+7=28 hundreds. Putting it all together, we have 2808 as the product.

Example 2 : 21 x 32
21 X 32 -----2 ____ 21 X 32 -----72 ____ Starting from the Cross multiply RHS, multiply the 2 x 2 = 4 digit on vertically 1x3=3 multiply 1 x 2, We 4+3=7 get 2
21 X 32 -----672 ____ Vertically left column 2x3
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Example 3 : 42 x 13
42 X 13 -------6 -------Step 1 : RHS, multiply vertically 2x3=6
42 X 13 -------146 -------Step 2 : 4 x 3 = 12 2x1=2 Add 2 + 12 = 14 We put 4 and carry over 1
42 X 13 -------546 -------Step 3 4x1=4 4 + 1 (carry) = 5

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Example 4 : 46 x 27 4 6 x 2 7 -------------12 44 42 --------------
Example 5 : 57 x 83 5 7 x 8 3 ----------47 73 21 ------------

1)
24 x 56 -----------------
2) 43 x 29 -----------------
3) 76 x 24 -------------
Exercise
Bar Model
Alternatives Method to Problem Solving Strategy
Here is a math problem you can solve easily: A man sold 230 balloons at a fun fair in the morning. He sold another 86 balloons in the evening. How many balloons did he sell in all?
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And here is one you cant Lauren spent 20 percent of her money on a dress. She spent 2/5 of the remainder on a book. She had $72 left. How much money did she have at first?
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What is model drawing

Model drawing means translating a word problem into diagrams or models.
How to Solve Problem Solving Question

Why use model drawing

A picture ( or a diagram) is worth a thousand words Younger children find equation and abstract calculations difficult to understand
Why use model drawing

Model drawing helps to convert the data provided in a problem into concrete visual images It enables students to comprehend and convert problem situations into relevant mathematical expression or number sentences and to solve them

Draw a Picture Look for a Pattern Guess and Check Make a systematic List Logical Reasoning Work Backwards
Other Problem Solving Strategies

2 Types of Bar Models Part - Whole Model Used to find the whole given the parts or the parts given the whole. Comparison Bars Used to compare two objects to each other.
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Part Whole Models

On Tuesday, Cole ran 6 miles. On Thursday, he ran 8 miles. How many miles did he run altogether?
6 mi
8 mi
? mi
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Comparison Bar Models

Laina is 13 years old. Her sister is 22 years old. Find the difference in age between them.
13
Laina Sister
22
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Question 2
Tom, Dean and Harry have a total of RM850. Dean has RM 120 more than Tom and Harry has RM190 more than Dean. How much money does Harry have ?
Bar Model
1) Who has the least amount of money?

Tom
Tom of course

Tom Dean
Tom of course
Tom of course
Tom of course
3 units + 120 +120 + 190= 850 3 units = 850 430 1 unit = 420 divide 3 = 140
Harry has = 10 + 120 + 190 Harry has 450
Question 2
Charlie, Sally and Eddie have a total of RM570. Charlie has RM 80 more than Sally and Eddie has 5 times as much as Sally. How much does of them have?
Bar Model
Charlie, Sally and Eddie have a total of RM570. Charlie has RM 80 more than Sally and Eddie has 5 times as much as Sally. How much does of them have? Sally
Bar Model
Charlie, Sally and Eddie have a total of RM570. Charlie has RM 80 more than Sally and Eddie has 5 times as much as Sally. How much does each of them have?
Charlie Sally
Bar Model
Charlie, Sally and Eddie have a total of RM570. Charlie has RM 80 more than Sally and Eddie has 5 times as much as Sally. How much does each of them have?
Bar Model
7 equal units = 80 = 570 7 equal units = 570 80 = 490 1 unit = 490 divide 7 = 70
Sally has 70 Charlie has 70 + 80 = 150 Eddie has 5 x 70 = 350
Charlie, Sally and Eddie have a total of RM570. Charlie has RM 80 more than Sally and Eddie has 5 times as much as Sally. How much does of them have?
Question 3 Each admission ticket for a concert cost RM 25. A total of RM30,000 was collected from ticket sales for Saturday and Sunday. If 300 more tickets were sold on Sunday than on Saturday, how many tickets were sold on Sunday
Bar Model
1) Find the total number of tickets sold for 2 days

(how many RM 25 tickets can you buy with RM 30,000)
2) Subtract 300 tickets from the total number of tickets sold. 3) Divide the answer (from step 3) by 2 to find ticket sold on Sat. 4) To find no of ticket sold on Sunday add 300 to Saturday's no.
Each admission ticket for a concert cost RM 25. A total of RM30,000 was collected from ticket sales for Saturday and Sunday. If 300 more tickets were sold on Sunday than on Saturday, how many tickets were sold on Sunday
Each admission ticket for a concert cost RM 25. A total of RM30,000 was collected from ticket sales for Saturday and Sunday. If 300 more tickets were sold on Sunday than on Saturday, how many tickets were sold on Sunday
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Shakuntala Devi
Shakuntala Devi
Shakuntala Devi: Thats Incalculable!
In 1976 the New York Times reported that an Indian woman named Shakuntala Devi (b. 1939) added 25,842 + 111,201,721 + 370,247,830 + 55,511,315, and then multiplied that sum by 9,878 for a correct total of 5,559,369,456,432 all in less than twenty seconds
Shakuntala Devi
Her greatest claimed accomplishmentthe timed multiplication of two thirteen digit numbers on paper has appeared in the Guinness Book of World Records as an example of a Human Computer. The time of the calculation, however, is questionable at best. Devi, a master of the criss-cross method, reportedly multiplied 7,686,369,774,870 x 2,465,099,745,799 numbers randomly generated at the computer department of Imperial College, London, on June 18, 1980. Her correct answer of 18,947,668,177,995,426,773,730 was generated in an incredible twenty seconds.
Shakuntala Devi
12/17/2012
12/17/2012

Math Workshop Klang

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Infinite Learning Academy

Example 2 : Complement of 743 Example 3 : Complement of 8532 Example 4 : Complement of 70843

Question 87 94 36 42 88 75 903 1340 3564 8004

Question 87 94 36 42 88 75 903 1340 3564 8004

Answer 13 06 64 58 12 25 097 8660 6436 1996

USING COMPLEMENT IN CALCULATION

Using Complement in Calculation

Using Complement in Calculation

Using Complement in Calculation

Using Complement in Calculation

Example 3 Similarly 10 000 - 1249 = 8751

Using Complement in Calculation

Using Complement in Calculation

= 64 = 26 = 764 = 528 = 382 = 3419 = 2605 = 28905 = 6714 = 5175

How would you minus 63- 37 = ____

Example 2 52 - 26 _________ _________

Example 3 453 -87 _________ _________

82 - 57 --------------81 - 44 --------------Infinite Learning Academy

90 - 51 --------------61 - 25 --------------Infinite Learning Academy

Example : 342 x 999

Example : 5642 X 9999

Infinite Learning Academy

CROSSWISE AND VERTICAL

CROSSWISE and VERTICAL

CROSSWISE and VERTICAL

CROSSWISE and VERTICAL

CROSSWISE and VERTICAL

CROSSWISE and VERTICAL

21 X 32 -----672 ____ Vertically left column 2x3

42 X 13 -------146 -------Step 2 : 4 x 3 = 12 2x1=2 Add 2 + 12 = 14 We put 4 and carry over 1

CROSSWISE and VERTICAL

42 X 13 -------546 -------Step 3 4x1=4 4 + 1 (carry) = 5

Example 4 : 46 x 27 4 6 x 2 7 -------------12 44 42 --------------

Example 5 : 57 x 83 5 7 x 8 3 ----------47 73 21 ------------

CROSSWISE and VERTICAL

Infinite Learning Academy

Infinite Learning Academy

What is model drawing

How to Solve Problem Solving Question

Why use model drawing

Why use model drawing

How to Solve Problem Solving Question

Other Problem Solving Strategies

Part Whole Models

Comparison Bar Models

1) Who has the least amount of money?

1) Who has the least amount of money?

1) Who has the least amount of money?

1) Who has the least amount of money?

Harry has = 10 + 120 + 190 Harry has 450

Sally has 70 Charlie has 70 + 80 = 150 Eddie has 5 x 70 = 350

1) Find the total number of tickets sold for 2 days

Infinite Learning Academy

Infinite Learning Academy

Infinite Learning Academy

Infinite Learning Academy

Infinite Learning Academy

Shakuntala Devi: Thats Incalculable!

Infinite Learning Academy

Infinite Learning Academy

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Example 2 52 - 26 _ _

Example 3 453 -87 _ _