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Transactional Analysis
It is technique to understand the dynamics of self & its relationship to others . It provide method & approach of analyzing & understanding interpersonal behaviour.
when two people interact ,there is social transaction in which one person responds to another .the study of such transaction between people is called transactional analysis
it is the study of social transaction between people. It is technique used to help people better to understand their own & others behaviour.
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Critical parent
It provide direction for others They behave in a very dogmatic & controlling way They lay down rules & laws for others Evaluative behaviour in interaction with others
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3. Adapted child This is complying ,retreating ,procrastinating , scared ,guilty Acts as parent expectation Types of Adapted child 1. Compliant child He is act in accordance with parental expectation 2. Rebellious child This state characters by negativity ,rebellions & disobedient Sometimes gets indulge into fight & unnecessary talks which may lead to anger ,fear & frustration
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Adult ego
Rationality , evaluation , storing of data, exploring ,testing
Child ego
Seeing ,hearing , touching experiencing joy ,frustration , wishing , fantasizing , feeling internally
Types of Transactions
The three types of transactions 1. Complementary 2. Crossed 3. Ulterior 1. Complementary Transactions: Appropriate and Expected Transactions indicating healthy human relationships. Communication takes place when transactions are complementary. A stimulus invites a response; this response becomes a stimulus inviting further response and so on. In this type of transaction stimulus & response line are parallel
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Complementary Transactions
Complementary transaction
Mr.X
P A C
Mr.Y
P A C
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2.Crossed transaction A leader in the adult ego state deals with A subordinate who responds from their free child ego state with somewhat negative, rejecting input from the leader A crossed transaction occurs when a massage sent from a specific ego state of one person receive an unexpected response from the other person some other ego state Crossed transaction are the cause of many interpersonal conflicts & person might get upset & frustrated .
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2.Crossed transaction
Supervisor P A C Employee P A C
Supervisor- how many units have made by now?(A-A) employee- dont disturb me ;when I complete it ,I will let you know
about it.
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3.Ulterior Transaction
This communication has double meaning .at the surface level there is a clear adult message .whereas, there is hidden message on psychological level. In this transaction sender tries to shows that he is speaking from a specific ego state but actually he is secretly using another ego state to send hidden massage to the receiver It involves two ego state on the sender side where one is hidden & another is visible. Here person say something from adult ego state but he means something from parent ego state.
Ex.
boss to his employees :-if you want growth & promotion in the job then you should always put extra efforts in your work. internal massage that he wants his employees to work after office house hours also & do not ask for the leaves
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Ulterior transaction
Supervisor
P A C
Employee
P A C
Supervisor
P A C
Employee
P A C
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Johari windows
It is developed by American psychologists Joseph Luft & harry Ingham in 1955. Name of this windows based on Joseph Luft & Harry this window helps an individual to know his values & beliefs & to understand himself in better way. Popular model to analyze the cause of interpersonal conflicts & increase mutual understanding within the orgenisation . According to Joseph & harry the more we share ourselves with other, the more we can expand our interpersonal relationship. This model used for to asses & improve a groups relationship with other groups. Assumptions 1. The level to which an individual know himself 2. The level to which an individual is known to others
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Known to others
Not known to others
Open Area
Hidden Area
Unknown Area
d i s c l o u s e r
Johari windows
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2. Blind area
3. Hidden area It consist things about an individual that are known to self but are hidden from the people in the surroundings People keep some secrets about themselves like some incidences ,experience ,their like & dislike etc because they are scared that if their friends or family come to know about these details then they might make fun of him . This area leads to inter-personal conflict. this area can be reduced if you reduce the number of secret & try too open up. 4. Unknown area It include values ,beliefs & the things about you which are not known to you & others. This is most volatile area Here the person doesnt know about himself because of lack of experience & it is not known to other because it is part of personality. Highly interpersonal conflict This area can be reduced by exchanging thoughts ,sharing experience
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Feedback
knowledge belongs only to self knowledge acquired by learning together
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Interpersonal conflicts arises due to cross cultural barriers like 1. Difference among perception 2. By tone difference 3. Caused by semantics 4. Caused by word imply different thing in different language. Conflicts can reduced by By increasing open area in johari windows ; by sharing more information with others We must sensitive of other feelings . while interacting with other correct word must chosen. Johari window helps in establishing communication & the way of talking with others
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Life Positions
Positive
Negative
Negative
Positive
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Stroking
A stroke is a unit of recognition which may be positive or negative. A stroke is defined as any act implying recognition of another presence. The stroking is positive or negative or combination of both If we feel good it is positive stroke & reverse is negative stroke. Example of positive & negative combination stroke is supervisor comment to a workers act you did excellent inspite of your small amount of experience in the field To improve relationship with other people TA teaches two things
1. 2. You can seek out ways to give more positive stroke so others know how we feel about them as people We can listen carefully to the stroke others give us
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Provide fresh insight into the psychological make-up of the individual concerned Inter-personal communication is improved Inter-personal relation are improved Helps to develop leadership skills among the people
Benefits Of TA
Limitation of TA
Difficult to understand ego state & transaction between people in practice Some people use this tool to manipulate the behaviour of other. TA tends to encourage amateur psychologising if applied carelessaly
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