English to metric

Length= Feet x 0.3048 = m = 3.2feet Mass = Pound x 0.454 = kg = 2.20pound Force = Pound x 4.448 = n = 0.22 pound Press = P / in2 x 6.895 = pascal

Gallon x 0.003785 = m3
Gallon x 3.785 = litre

Flow rate Gallon / min (gpm) x 3.785 = liters/min Head

abbrevation
Psia =absolute pressure in psi (pound/in^2) Psig =gauge pressure in psi Npsha = net psoitive suction head available Npshr = net positive suction hesd required

standards
atmospheric pressure = 1.033 kg/cm2 = 760 mm of hg = 14.7 psi = 10.3 m of water = 1 bar = 101.3 kpa

Mass and Weight - the Difference

Mass = kg Weight = mg = newton 1 kg mass = 9.8 newton
The density can be expressed as

= m / V kg/m^3

Basic material

Carbon steel Low temp carbon steel Austenitic stainless steel Duplex stainless steel Alloy steel Non ferrous alloy steel Thermoplastic Non metallic Elastromeric

Carbon steel

Using within min -29 c to 425 c Using non corrosive piping system (like fresh water, plant air, nitrogen, fuel gas) Pipes ASTM A106 Gr B and API 5L Gr B Fittings ASTM A 234 Gr WPB Forgings ASTM A 105

Low temp carbon steel

Using minimum temp service is -29 c Using low temp non corrosive piping system ( like flare system) Pipes ASTM A333 Gr 6 Fittings ASTM A420 Gr WPL 6 Forgings ASTM A350 Gr LF2

Alloy carbon steel

It is using more than 425 C

Austenitic stainless steel

The use of austenitic stainless temperature is in offshore limited to maximum service temp is 60 c Using when corrosion rate is too high to carbon steel (more than 3 mm or 6mm allowance for the design life.

Austenitic stainless steel

Using in fuel gas, chemical injection, instrument air, wet hydrocarbon (corrosive) Pipes ASTM A312 Gr TP304/304L, ASTM A312 Gr TP316/316L Fittings ASTM A403 Gr TP304/304L, ASTM A403 Gr TP316/316L Forgings ASTM A182 Gr TP304/304L, ASTM A182 Gr TP316/316L

304 and 304L

Type 304: So called 18/8 stainless steel. Most generally used stainless steel. It contains the minimum chromium and nickel that gives stable austenitic structure. type304L : Low carbon version of type 304 (<0.03 percent C).

On shore and off shore

onshore means the exploration of oil or gas on the land offshore means the exploration of oil or gas in the sea.

Valves

Acoording to action performed Isolation Regulation. Checking Switching Discharging

Isolation valve

Gate valve Ball valve Plug valve Piston valve Diaphragm valve. Butterfly valve.

Regulation valve

Globe valve. Needle valve. Butterfly valve. Diaphragm valve. Piston valves.

Check valve

Check valve. Foot valve.

Switching valve

Multiport valve Diverting valve

Safety valve

Safety valve Relief valve Rupture disc

Discharge valve

Flush bottom valve

Gaskets

Used to provide fluid resistant seal between the flanges For metallic gasket ASME B16.20 For non metallic gasket ASME B16.21

Steam traps

Steam trap is used to discharge the condensate from the steam piping without releasing steam Type Float Thermostatic Thermodynamic Inverted bucket

Pipe size
NPS
1 1 2 3 4 6 8 10 12 14 above pipe OD size

NB
15 20 25 40 50 75 100 150 200 250 300 is equal to nominal

OD
21.3 26.7 33.4 48.3 60.3 88.9 114 168 219 273 324 bore

Easy way to remember

Nomin al size 1 2 3 4 Actual size 25.4 50.8 76.2 101.6 Outside Difference Asize O 33.4 60.3 88.9 8 9.5

Differenc

6
8

152.4
203.2

(9.5+3.2)=1 12.7-9.5=3. 2.7 114.3 (9.5+3.2)=1 12.7-9.5=3. 2.7 168.3 (12.7+3.2)=1 15.9-12.7=3. 5.9 219 (12.7+3.2)=1 15.9-12.7=3.

Pipe shedule

Schedule:- The pipe thickness is designated by schedule no: and the corresponding thickness is specified in the ASME B 36.10 for carbon steel pipe & ASME B 36.19 for stainless steel pipes.