Balancing of Rotating Machines

Group No. 1 Muhammad Imran Muhammad Usman Ghafoor Talha Chaudhary

Introduction:
Definition:
Process

of designing(modifying) a machine unbalance force is minimum

Balancing criteria:
To

made the rotating machine balanced, machine elements center of mass must coincide with their rotating centers.

Reason for unbalance:

The asymmetry of the structure Uneven distribution of materials Errors in machining , casting and forging Improper boring By assembly

Scope
Rotating

machinery is commonly used in mechanical industry such as steam turbines, internal combustion engines, electric generators, electric motors, disk breaker etc.

Balancing Machine:
A

balancing machine is used to detect, locate and measure unbalance.. As the part is rotated, the vibration in the suspension is detected with sensors and that information is used to determine the amount of unbalance in the part

Detection of Unbalancing:
To determine whether a disc is balanced or not, mount the shaft on two low friction bearings, as shown in below figure.

CONTD
Rotate

the disc and permit it to come to rest. Mark the lowest point on the circumference of the disc with chalk. Repeat the process several times, each time marking the lowest point on the disc with chalk. If the disc is balanced, the chalk marks will be scattered randomly all over the circumference. On the other hand, if the disc is unbalanced, all the chalk marks will coincide.

Advantage:
Reliability-Increased

bearing life Maintain optimum product quality Minimize operator fatigue Noise reduction Enhance Customer satisfaction

Methods:

A rotating member can be balanced either statically or dynamically. Static (or single plane) balance is a subset of dynamic (or two plane) balance. To achieve complete balance requires that dynamic balancing be done. In some cases, static balancing can be an acceptable substitute for dynamic balancing .and is generally easier to do

Dynamic Balancing
Two-plane

balance Two criteria must be met = 0 (static balance) Plus = 0 rotating object -long in the axial direction compared to the radial Object may be statically balanced but not be dynamically balanced.

Balanced Force Unbalanced Moments.

Examples
Rollers Crankshafts Camshafts Axles Turbines and propeller shafts

Crankshafts

Turbine rotor

Procedure of Dynamic Balancing

Two

correction planes Necessary counter forces statically balance Counter couple unbalanced moment
Automobile

tire inner and outer edges of the wheel rim

Two Plane or Dynamic Balancing

Procedure of Dynamic Balancing

Static

balancing

(1 2 ) (2 2 ) (3 2 ) ( 2 ) ( 2 ) = 0

+ = 1 2 3
( ) +( ) = [ (1 1 ) + 2 2

+ (3 3 ) ]

= (1 1 ) + 2 2

+ 3 3

Procedure of Dynamic Balancing

Moment

Balance

( 2 ) = (1 2 )1 (2 2 )2 (3 2 )3

(1 1 ) 1 2 2 2 (3 3 ) 3 ( ) =
(1 1 ) 1 2 2 2 (3 3 ) 3 ( ) =