Single Ladies’

Production
Proudly
Presents:
Integumentary System
Integumentary System

•The Integumentary System

is an organ that protects the
body from damage,
comprising the skin and its
appendages(including hair,
scales, glands, and nails).
Skin :Epidermal Layers
•Skin is the largest organ of the
body, with surface of 18 sq. Ft.
•Its two main layers are the
EPIDERMIS(outer layer) and
DERMIS(inner layer) .
 The Epidermis
-has several strata(layers) contain
four cell types
•Keratinocytes produce keratin, a protein
that gives skin its strength and
flexibility and waterproofs the skin
surface.
•Melanocytes produce melanin, the dark
pigment that gives skin its color.
•Merkel’s cells are probably involved with
touch reception.
•Langerhan’s cells help the immune system
by processing antigens (foreign bodies)
Layers of
Epidermis
•The stratum lucidum, protects
against sun ultraviolet-ray damage.
This thick layer appears only in
frequently used areas such as palms
of the hands and soles of feet.
•The stratum corneum, the 5th,
outermost layer is thick with rows of
dead cells. These cells contain soft
keratin, which keeps the skin elastic
and protects underlying cells from
drying out.
•The deepest layer of epidermis, the
stratum basale, is a single layer of cells
resting on a basement membrane(layer
between the dermis and epidermis). Only
the deepest cells of the stratum basale
receive nourishment.
•The next layer, the stratum spinosum,
consists of spiny prickle cells that interlock
to support the skin.
•The stratum granulosum, the thin middle
layer, initiates) keratinization (production
of keratin. This process starts the death of
epithelial cells (the cell type that makes up
skin).
 Skin :Dermal
Layers
•The dermis , called “true
skin”, is the layer beneath the
dermis.
“Two layers of dermis”
PAPILLARY LAYER, which has
loose connective tissue, and
RETICULAR LAYER, which has
dense connective tissue.
 The Dermis
•Its major parts are :
•Collagen (protein that adds
strength),
•Reticular fibers (thin protein
fibers that add support),
•Elastic fibers (protein that
adds flexibility).
 The papillary layer
•Lies directly beneath
the epidermis and
connects to it via
papillae(finger-like
projections).
•A double row of
papillae in finger pads
produces the ridged
The Reticular
Layer
• The reticular layer of dermis
contains criss-crossing collagen
fibers that form a strong elastic
network. The network forms a
pattern called cleavage (Langer’s)
lines. `

• The reticular layer also contains

Pacinian corpuscles, sensory
receptors for deep pressure. This
layer contains sweat glands, lymph
vessels, smooth muscle, and hair
follicles.
 Sudoriferous (sweat)
and sebaceous (oil) glands
• Skin produces associated
structures such as
sudoriferous (sweat)
glands and sebaceous (oil)
glands. It also produces
fingernails, hair, and
sensory receptors that
enable humans to feel
pressure, temperature,
 Both groups of sudoriferous glands
(sweat glands) are in most of the
body:
•Eccrine glands are coiled ducts deep in the
skin that connect to the surface;
•Apocrine glands are in armpits, areolae of
nipples, and the genital region.
•Eccrine glands secrete sweat, a mixture of
99 percent water and 1 percent salts and
fats. In warm conditions with low humidity,
perspiration (secretion of sweat) and
evaporation cool the body.
Skin
color
 Diseases
Rash
Blister
Athlete’s Foot
Infection
Sunburn
Skin Cancer
Albinism
Behind The Production