WAAS

INTRODUCTION TERMS WAAS REFERENCE PLANES ARINC 424 WAAS FLIGHT INSP REPORTING

WAAS PRINCIPLES

PILOT SECTION
FMS LEG PROGRAMMING ANNUNCIATIONS NAV SOURCE CONFIG. AFIS / CDU OPS

MISSION SPECIALIST SECTION

PRE-FLIGHT PREPARATION AFIS SET-UP AFIS RECORDING INTERFERENCE CHECK

Click on red block to link to that training.

RNAV July 14, 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 1

Wide Area Augmentation System (WAAS)

ARINC 424 Coding

Federal Aviation Administration

Presented to: By:

Flight Inspection Crewmembers

AJW-3310

Date: July 14, 2008

What is ARINC 424 CODING?

INITIAL FIX MSG

INITIAL FIX COPOM IDENTIFIER COPOM

ALT CONST -----SEGMENT FINAL APPR

ACCEPT

RETURN

RNAV July 14, 2008

Federal Aviation Administration

ARINC 424 Coding

A computer language leg type used in a flight management system to define how the procedure will behave at a given time. The description of the leg types introduces you to the Path/Terminator concept.
The path logically describes how the aircraft gets to the terminator, by flying a heading, track, course, etc. The terminator is the event or condition that causes the system to switch to the next leg.

RNAV July 14, 2008

Federal Aviation Administration

ARINC 424 Coding

The description of the leg types introduces you to the Path/Terminator concept (contd). When a clearance is issued, like, Fly runway heading to 2,000 feet, you have applied the path/terminator concept. The path, rather obviously, is runway heading. The terminator is 2,000 feet, where the pilot will sequence legs and do something else.

RNAV July 14, 2008

Federal Aviation Administration

What is ARINC 424 CODING?

RNAV July 14, 2008

Federal Aviation Administration

What is ARINC 424 CODING?

Each of the different legs are identified by a 2-letter mnemonic.
First letter identifies the path Second letter identifies the terminator. Mnemonics do get a bit obscure in some of these cases. The example cited previously- Fly runway heading to 2,000 feet would be coded in the data base as a Heading-to-Altitude described as a VA leg (V as a Vector, since the letter H is used to describe hold legs).
RNAV July 14, 2008

Federal Aviation Administration

What is ARINC 424 CODING?

Each of the different legs are identified by a 2-letter mnemonic (contd).
There are 2 required system inputs:
The compass and altimeters. As a leg is implemented in the FMS, the system reads the compass system, and provides the autopilot or flight director with a steering command that will null out any deviation from the desired heading. The system will also be monitoring its baro-altitude input (QNH), then sequence legs when the terminating altitude has been reached.

RNAV July 14, 2008

Federal Aviation Administration

What is ARINC 424 CODING?

The following slide depicts the sixteen enroute leg types you should familiarize yourself with.

RNAV July 14, 2008

Federal Aviation Administration

Enroute Legs
(VA) Heading To Altitude (VD) Heading To DME (VI) Heading To Next Leg Intercept (VM) Heading To Manual Termination (VR) Heading To a Radial (CA) Course To Altitude (CD) Course To a DME (CI) Course To Next Leg Intercept (CR) Course To a Radial (CF) Course To a Fix (TF) Track To a Fix (DF) Direct To a Fix

(FA) Fix To Altitude

(FC) Fix To a Distance on Course (FD) Fix To a DME Termination (FM) Fix To a Manual Termination

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Enroute Legs
However, there are primarily 5 legs that you will be using on a daily basis.
The VA, CF, TF, DF, and CA Enroute leg types.

As Flight Procedures Standards Branch solves ARINC 424 coding issues, more legs may be used. We will discuss each of them and explain the Path and Terminator.

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Federal Aviation Administration

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Enroute Legs
(VA) Heading To Altitude (CF) Course To a Fix (TF) Track To a Fix (DF) Direct To a Fix

(CA) Course To Altitude

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Federal Aviation Administration

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Enroute Legs
(VA) Heading To Altitude (VD) Heading To DME

A VA leg is typically used as the first leg in a departure. The path is the 090 heading to the terminator (8000). The VD leg Path is a 090 heading to the terminator of a unspecified point on the DME arc, that has been programmed into the database.

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Enroute Legs
(VR) Heading To a Radial (CA) Course To Altitude

The VR leg Path is the 090 heading. The terminator is a specific point on a VOR radial where the heading takes it. This CA leg Path is the 080 course. The terminator is a specific altitude, in this case 6000 feet.
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Enroute Legs
This CD leg Path would be a 080 course. The terminator is a specified DME distance. The CI leg Path is the 090 course. The termination is the interception of the 070 radial.
(CD) Course To a DME (CI) Course To Next Leg Intercept

RNAV July 14, 2008

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Enroute Legs
(CR) Course To a Radial (CF) Course To a Fix

This CR leg Path is a 090 course. The terminator is when the course crosses the 125 radial. The CF leg Path is a 080 course to a specified latitude and longitude.
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Enroute Legs
(TF) Track To a Fix

This is a track to fix leg. The path and terminator are latitude/longitudes. This leg type will be used for GPS approaches and airway segments. This is your great circle track between 2 defined waypoints. It is the easiest to implement as the only thing the pilot has to do is input lat/longs for the database.

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Federal Aviation Administration

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Enroute Legs
(DF) Direct To a Fix

This is a diagram of a DF leg. The aircrafts path is the present position. The terminator is to a specific waypoint. This is used when ATC gives the clearance, go direct or you request present position to a specific point i.e. fix, navaid, etc.

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Federal Aviation Administration

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Enroute Legs
(FA) Fix To Altitude

(FC) Fix To a Distance on Course

9 NM

This FA leg Path begins at a fix and, via a specific course (105), will be continued until the specified altitude is reached.
An FC leg Path begins at a defined fix with a course outbound. The fix must be in the database but can be a VOR, intersection, etc. The terminator is the specific distance on the outbound course.
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Enroute Legs
This FD leg Path is a fix, and the terminator is DME distance. The DME does not necessarily need to be from the reference fix. The DME fix is not required to lie on the course from the path fix. The FM fix Path is a course from a fix. The termination is manually selected. Since you manually select the termination point there will be no automatic leg sequencing. (FD) Fix To a DME Termination (FM) Fix To a Manual Termination

RNAV July 14, 2008

Federal Aviation Administration

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ARINC Legs
(AF) Arc To a Fix

We will now discuss the 2 types of arc legs that ARINC 424 coding provides: - Arc to Fix leg (AF) -Radius to Fix leg (RF) -They appear redundant but, they serve two different purposes.
RNAV July 14, 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 22

ARINC Legs
(AF) Arc To a Fix

The AF leg is a standard DME arc which requires a navaid. The path is the arc and the terminator is the specified radial/DME that you desire. In this case it is the 030/8 DME.

There are two things to remember.

- Minimum radius is 4.0 nm. -Arc radius resolution is 0.1 nm.
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ARINC Legs
(RF) Radius To a Fix

The RF leg Path and terminator are hard fixes. However, they do not require a navaid at the arcs origin. It is referred to as the precision arc leg because its resolution is 0.001 nm, (6). Its primary use is for curved-path approaches.

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Federal Aviation Administration

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Holding Legs
There are three different types of holding legs that we will be discussing.
Hold to Fix (HF) Hold to Altitude (HA) Hold to Manual Termination (HM)

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Federal Aviation Administration

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Holding Legs
The HF leg provides one holding orbit and sequence to the next leg once it has completed one circuit. This is used when a holding pattern is used in lieu of a procedure turn on an approach. The HA provides for a climb in the holding pattern. Upon reaching the programmed altitude, the holding circuit will be completed and the sequenced leg will begin the course to the next waypoint. The HM leg requires the pilot to manually program the next sequenced leg.

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Federal Aviation Administration

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Holding Legs
(HF) Hold To a Fix (HA) Hold To Altitude

(HM) Hold To a Manual Termination

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Federal Aviation Administration

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WAAS
INTRODUCTION TERMS WAAS REFERENCE PLANES ARINC 424 WAAS FLIGHT INSP REPORTING

WAAS PRINCIPLES

PILOT SECTION
FMS LEG PROGRAMMING ANNUNCIATIONS NAV SOURCE CONFIG. AFIS / CDU OPS

MISSION SPECIALIST SECTION

PRE-FLIGHT PREPARATION AFIS SET-UP AFIS RECORDING INTERFERENCE CHECK

Click on individual blocks to link to that training.

RNAV July 14, 2008 Federal Aviation Administration 28