SEMINAR PENGAJIAN STRATEGI

GROUP NAME : KOOST

19 DISEMBER 2012, RABU

PRESENTER : AKMAL JUHAFIQ MUHAMMAD RUSYDI WAN AYUNI

AKMAL JUHAFIQ BIN JUMANI (210002)

MUHD RUSYDI B MUSTAFA KAMAL (210052)

MUHAMMAD AFIQ BIN MAHABOB (210231)

MARZUNAIDI BIN MARZUKI (210259)

WAN AYUNI BINTI WAN SALIM (210044)
UMMI MARIAM BINTI ABDULLAH (210348)
NOR INTAN SALWANI BINTI IBRAHIM (210452)

SITI FARHANAH BINTI MUSTAFFA (210516)

SCOPE

WHAT

CRISIS

Crisis?
tense situation a crucial stage or turning point in the course of something, especially in a sequence of events or a disease an unstable period, especially one of extreme trouble or danger

Management?
the act of managing something "Management is the art of getting things done through and with people in formally organised groups." (Harold Koontz) Management is continuous and never ending proses

Crisis management
Mechanisms or instruments to solve a problem Measure to resolve, investigate and prepare in a hostile situation Crisis management is what to do when everything falls apart. The total crisis management effort focuses not only on what to do in the heat of a crisis, but also on why crises happen in the first place and what can be done to prevent them (Pauchant & Mitroff, 1992)

 Crisis management is a series of functions or processes to identify, study and forecast crisis issues, and set forth specific ways that would enable an organization to prevent or cope with a crisis (Darling, Hannu, & Raimo, 1996)

the making of
Crisis management in a general sense emerged after World War II developing discipline also gained prominence as an international policy 1962 Cuban Missile crisis encourage of the much-studied of that concept And now it has been widely accepted

 The primary requirement in terms of conflict prevention is to reinforce crisis management frameworks to keep disputes over territorial rights and marine resources from escalating into situations that involve human lives and military force

 The first step for preventing the outbreak of crises should be to minimize uncertainty concerning the action each side would take in response to specific crisis situations the countries involved will come to an agreement about territorial ownership and resources utilization

SENKAKU ISLAND

GEOGRAPHY OF THE SENKAKU ISLAND

 It situated in the Eastern Chinese Sea 400 km west of Okinawa and 170 km northeast of Taiwan. They are separated from the Japanese Okinawa Islands by a deep (2270 meter) sea trench. The islands are geographically part of the Taiwanese continental shelf. The sea between Taiwan, China and the islands is no deeper than 200 meters. JAPAN position 2270-meter deep underwater Okinawa Trench separates the islands from the Japanese Okinawa Islands. The strategic value of the islands is attributed to their location adjacent to important waters, there are two ownership confers: a) Either China its most north eastern territory in the East Chinese Sea, or b) Japans most southwest point of the Japanese archipelago.

DISPUTES

 1970The territorial conflict over the Senkaku Islands sovereignty has dragged China and Taiwan began claiming sovereignty of the Senkaku islands in the after experts discovered oil reserves might be found under the sea near the islands. Reason that the conflict has not been settled is the unsolved political situation of the two Chinese countries, namely the Republic of Taiwan (PRO) and the Peoples Republic of China (PRC / China mainland)

Weather the Island were TERRA NULLIUS ?

Japan argue that the island were terra nullius - a territory
belonging to no one.

January 1895, during the Sino-Japanese War, Japan incorporates the islands citing the principle of Terra Nullius of International Law. An official statement about its sovereignty claim, the Japanese government states that:

From 1885 on, surveys of the Senkaku Islands had been thoroughly made by the Government of Japan through the agencies of Okinawa Prefecture and by way of other methods. Through these surveys, it was confirmed that the Senkaku Islands had been uninhabited and showed no trace of having been under the control of China. Based on this confirmation, the Government of Japan made a Cabinet Decision on 14 January 1895 to erect a marker on the Islands to formally incorporate the Senkaku Islands into the territory of Japan.

 Japan not only said that the island was terra nullius but also on Chinas keeping silence to Japanese claim until in the 1970.

China refuses that. It is because with respect to why the Chinese did not protest Japans claim in 1895, the Chinese explanation emphasizes the 1894-95 war between Qing and Japan

ACTORS THIER

Actors involved in Senkaku disputes..

JAPAN CHINA

TAIWAN

In case on senkaku island.

the two sides need to affirm the status quo mutually acknowledge an explicit or tacit way To show the status quo, both China and Japan trying to control over these island.

Status Quo
JAPAN Japan placed under state control a lighthouse built by nationalists on despite rival claims by China and Taiwan. Japanese planes reported flames from the top of the rigs which occur when gas is being pumped from a field. This rang alarm bells in Japan as the site bordered disputed economic zones of two countries.

CHINA Chinese maritime incursions into Japans territorial water and even more frequent survey activities in Japan Exclusive Economy Zone(EEZ) On September 7, 2010 a Chinese fishing trawler collided with 2 Japan Coast Guard (JCG) patrol boats in waters near the disputed Senkaku Island.

Resolution
the two nations agreed to work towards a Maritime Search and Rescue agreement and to improve communication between the relevant authorities of Japan and China towards development of a multi-layered mechanism for crisis management. The Japanese and Chinese governments agreed in principle to cooperate on Search and Rescue efforts. Tokyo would like to see a high level maritime dialogue that would include both crisis management as well as resource development issues in the East China Sea. To be effective this would need to include Chinas various maritime agencies, in addition to its diplomats, and determining who in China shouldand will

 As maritime nation, Japan and China should work through channels such as the East Asia Summit and Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation forums to promote the formation of international agreements related to freedom of the seas and to establish rules for waterway utilization.

Conclusion
The sensitivities of both actors will make such an incident difficult to manage should the territorial claims over Senkaku islands be part of the mix. military confrontationaccidental or otherwise between Chinese and Japanese navies in the East China Sea would pose significant challenges to the United States, and would bring Washington and Beijing into a crisis that both countries wants to avoid.

References
Martin Lohmeyer,The Diaoyu / Senkaku Islands Dispute,Questions of Sovereignty and Suggestions for Resolving the Dispute,2008. M. Taylor Fravel,Explaining Stability in the Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands Dispute,1995. Seokwoo Lee, The 1951 San Francisco Peace Treaty with Japan and The Territorial Disputes In East Asia, 2002. Koichi Sato, Chinas Territorial Claims at Sea: The East China and South China Sea. Sheila A. Smith, Japan and the East China Sea Dispute, 2011. Carlos Ramos-Mrosovsky,International Laws Unhelpful Role In The Senkaku Islands,1996. See Overview of the Meetings between Foreign Minister Takeaki Matsumoto and Vice President Xi Jinping and State Councilor Dai Bingguo, July 4, 2011, available at: http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asiapaci/china/meet110704.html.