Storm

Storm is any disturbed state of an astronomical body's

atmosphere, especially affecting its surface, and strongly
implying severe weather. It may be marked by strong
wind, thunder and lightning (a thunderstorm), heavy
precipitation, such as ice (ice storm), or wind
transporting some substance through the atmosphere.
 Formation Of Storm
 Storms are created when a center of low pressure
develops, with a system of high pressure surrounding it.
This combination of opposing forces can create winds and
result in the formation of storm clouds, such as the
cumulonimbus. Small, localized areas of low pressure can
form from hot air rising off hot ground, resulting in smaller
disturbances such as dust devils and whirlwinds.

Types
-Ice Storm -Blizzard
-Snowstorm - Ocean Storm
- Super storm -Dust devil
- Squall -Gale
-Thunderstorm -Tropical Cyclone
-Hailstorm -Tornado etc.
 Monsoon
Monsoon is a seasonal prevailing wind that lasts for several
months. The term was first used in English in India,
Bangladesh, Pakistan, and neighboring countries to refer
to the big seasonal winds blowing from the Indian Ocean
and Arabian Sea in the southwest bringing heavy rainfall
to the region. In hydrology, monsoon rainfall is
considered to be that which occurs in any region that
receives the majority of its rain during a particular
season. This allows other regions of the world such as
North America, South America, Sub-Saharan Africa,
Australia and East Asia to qualify as monsoon regions. In
terms of total precipitation and total area covered, the
monsoons affecting the Indian subcontinent dwarf the
North American monsoon. The South Asian monsoon
affects a larger number of people due to the high density
of population in this part of the world.
 Process
Monsoons are caused by the larger amplitude of the seasonal
cycle of land temperature compared to that of nearby oceans. This
differential warming happens because heat in the ocean is mixed
vertically through a "mixed layer" that may be fifty meters deep,
through the action of wind and buoyancy-generated turbulence,
whereas the land surface conducts heat slowly, with the seasonal
signal penetrating perhaps a meter or so. Additionally, the
specific heat capacity of liquid water is significantly higher than that
of most materials that make up land. Together, these factors mean
that the heat capacity of the layer participating in the seasonal cycle
is much larger over the oceans than over land, with the consequence
that the air over the land warms faster and reaches a higher
temperature than the air over the ocean. The hot air over the land
tends to rise, creating an area of low pressure. This creates a steady
wind blowing toward the land, bringing the moist near-surface air
over the oceans with it. Similar rainfall is caused by the moist ocean
air being lifted upwards by mountains, surface heating, convergence
at the surface, divergence aloft, or from storm-produced outflows at
the surface. However the lifting occurs, the air cools due expansion in
lower pressure, which in turn produces condensation.
 Intertropical Convergence Zone
The Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), also known
as the Intertropical Front, Monsoon trough, or the
Equatorial Convergence Zone, is a belt of low pressure
girdling Earth at the equator. It is formed by the
vertical ascent of warm, moist air from the latitudes
north and south of the equator.

The air is drawn into the intertropical convergence zone

by the action of the Hadley cell, a macroscale
atmospheric feature which is part of the Earth's heat
and moisture distribution system. It is transported
aloft by the convective activity of thunderstorms;
regions in the intertropical convergence zone receive
precipitation over 200 days in a year.
 Position
 The location of the intertropical convergence zone
varies over time. Over land, it moves back and
forth across the equator following the sun's zenith
point. Over the oceans, where the convergence
zone is better defined, the seasonal cycle is more
subtle, as the convection is constrained by the
distribution of ocean temperatures.
 Sometimes, a double ITCZ forms, with one
located north and another south of the equator.
When this occurs, a narrow ridge of high pressure
forms between the two convergence zones, one
of which is usually stronger than the other.
 Tropical Waves or Easterly Waves
Tropical waves, or easterly waves, also known as African
easterly waves in the Atlantic region, are a type of
atmospheric trough, an elongated area of relatively
low air pressure, oriented north to south, which move from
east to west across the tropics causing areas of cloudiness
and thunderstorms. West-moving waves can also form from
the tail end of frontal zones in the subtropics and tropics and
may be referred to as easterly waves, but these waves are
not properly called tropical waves; they are a form of
inverted trough sharing many characteristics with fully
tropical waves. All tropical waves form in the easterly flow
along the southern side of the subtropical ridge or belt of
high pressure which lies north and south of the Intertropical
Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Tropical waves are generally
carried westward by the prevailing easterly winds along the
tropics and subtropics near the equator. They can lead to the
formation of tropical cyclones in the north Atlantic and
northeast Pacific basins.
 Characteristics
A tropical wave normally follows an area
of sinking, intensely dry air, blowing
northeast. After passing the trough line,
the wind veers southeast, the humidity
abruptly rises, and the atmosphere
destabilizes. This yields widespread
showers and thunderstorms, sometimes
severe. As the wave moves westward, the
showers gradually diminish.