An in depth Glance

Cadiente, Jessa Marie Balassu, Raychard Viner Cayaban, Clyde Justine

CUBA:

Things to Remember
You can see cropped pictures: you only have to do is to guess what is the name of that person. (COMPLETE NAME, first and surname)
Wait for the lecturer to say GO before raising your hands.

 Each of the students only have 1 turn to answer. Enjoy and Have Fun.

Bawal MAPIPIKON!

Trial

President Benigno Simeon Aquino III P-Noy Noynoy Aquino

DOJ Secretary Leila De Lima

Fr. Renillo H. Sta. Ana, CICM

Dr. Alexander Moises T. Asuncion

VP Academic Affairs

Mr. Ivan Baguilat Dean, School of Public

Administration

and Governance

Mr. Alvin Felix Faculty, School of Public Administration and Governance

Rhenea Pudiquet

Grancis Castro

Aileen Galapon

Gutierrez

Armie

April Narito

Political Map of Cuba

Capital:

Havana
(the largest city of the country)
Official Language:

Spanish

Conventional Long Term: Republic of Cuba

Type of Government: Totalitarian Communist State

Demonym, Motto and National Anthem:

Cuban Patria o Muerte (Spanish) Homeland or Death

La Bayamesa (The Bayamo Song)

National Flower: white Mariposa (Jasmin) National Bird: Tocororo (Cuban Trogon) National Tree: Royal Palm

National Flag
Adopted May 20, 1902 Designed by Narciso Lopez in June 25, 1848 for the liberation Movement, which sought independence from

SPAIN

Symbolic Meaning:
3 BLUE STRIPS representing the division of the country into (central, occidental, oriental) 2 WHITE STRIPES purity of the patriotism RED TRIANGLE (MASONIC Significance) blood shed to free the nation STAR - independence

Flag of Yara
oFlag use in the independence war oAlso known as Flag La Demajagua oHoisted wherever the legislator of Cuban citizens

The Coat of Arms of Cuba

designed by Miguel Teuber Tolon Adopted April 24, 1906

Shield
divide into three parts, a key charging a blue sea between two blue rocks, symbolizing Cuba geographical position between Florida and Yucatan Peninsula. A bright sin in the background symbolizes the rising of the new republic.

Supporter
supported by an oak branch on one side and a laurel wreath on the other. The oak branch symbolizes the strength of the nation and the laurel wreath, honor and glory. These symbols also represents the rights of man: Equality, Liberty and Fraternity.

Helm/Crest
a Phrygian Cap (Gorro Frigio) or liberty cap at the top symbolizes liberty with a sole star on its, standing for independence.

Economic Ranking out of 182 countries:

51st
Imports:

Food, Petroleum, Chemicals, Equipment and Machineries

Exports:

Sugar, Tobacco, Coffee, Nickel, Citrus, Fish and Medical Products

Unemploymeny Rate:

53%

Currency:
Cuban Peso 1 cup = 41.96 php 0.02 cup= 1 php

Literacy Rate: Population over 15 years of age: 99.8%

Life Expectancy: Male: 75.61 Female: 80.27

Religions: Christian 44%; Occultic Spiritist 25%; No religion 31%

Ethnic Group: 65.1% White 24.8 Mullatto and Mestizo 10.1 African Drives: on the right!

Cubans love kids, yet they only have one per family. The national sport is baseball. Hitch hiking isnt only legal but it is obligatory to government officials to pick you up and give you a ride. No Cuban will ever worry about schooling, food or health, they are readily available and free. Cuba has the highest doctor-to-population ratio of any country in the world.

The Cubans refer their island as El Cocodrilo, viewed from above Cuba is said to resemble a crocodile. When Christopher Columbus first happened in Cuba in 1492, he thought he landed in China. Cuba is only 90 miles away from America. Cuba has some of the best dive sites in the world. Cuba is home to 9 World Heritage Sites!

Cuba consists of more than 400 islands and cays, and is home to the Manjuari, a fish that is not found elsewhere in the world.

There is a strict internet policy in Cuba, with very few people given permission to use the internet. Offenders are subject to a 5 year term in jail. There are no plants or animals in Cuba that are poisonous or lethal to humans. The official language of Cuba is Spanish though there are people who speak English as well.

Raychard Viner M. Balassu

Etymology
Comes from TAINO Language which means where fertile land is abundant (cubao) and/or great place (coabana)

Pre Columbian Era

First inhabitants of Cuba: the TAINO or the ARAWAKS (called to them by the Spanish colonizer) Guanajatabey and Ciboney people before the arrival of the Spanish Division: (the working system) Taino farmers Ciboney - farmers, fishers and hunters

Spanish Discovery and Colonization

Christopher Columbus reached Cuba October 28, 1492 thinking that it is China a peninsula of Asia The first boat, landed in the eastern part of Cuba Baracoa The main task of the exploration is to find the route to India.

Second voyage in 1494

Columbus passed several islets that includes Guantanamo Bay Purpose: Pope Alexander VI commanded Spain to conquer, colonize and convert the Pagans of the New World to Catholicism. Columbus observed the Tano dwellings, describing them as "looking like tents in a camp. All were of palm branches, beautifully constructed".

Settlement
Island in the East of Cuba, permanent settlement completed by Sebastian de Ocampo Total settlement started in 1511 by Diego Velasquez de Cuellar

Cacique Hatuey, on the other hand, organized the other Tainos to escape from the brutalities of Spaniards However, they were captured and burnt alive.

1511-1514: Spaniards totally settled in the whole island in 1513, Ferdinand II of Aragon issued a decree establishing encomienda system entire Spanish America in 1514, a settlement was founded to what was called Havana. There were also apportioning of land to different conquistadors and indigenous people but it was not a success because it spread diseases such as smallpox and measles.

The Arrival African Slaves

Establishment of kutrice and tobacco production by the Spaniards as the Cubas main product.

Spain then was dominated by British, French and Dutch due to incompetencies in the 17th and 18th Century. But before the domination of such countries, Spain already imported African Slaves to serve in their plantation as field laborer Haitian Revolution (1791 1804) due to the slavery of the French

19th Century (The African Slavery)

Cuban Sugar Plantation is the most important Sugar producer of the World due to sugar production technology and worse, slavery. British Slave Trade Act of 1807 (first thanks) Slavery Abolition Act of 1833(full thanks) By the end of 19th Century: bye bye SLAVERY!

Prior to the abolition of Slavery in the 19th Century, Cuba gain prosperity due to sugar production. They began to use water mills, enclosed furnaces, and steam engines to produce higher-quality sugar at a much more efficient pace than elsewhere.

th 16

th 18

Century: Cuba under Attack!

during the 16th century. Havana was furnished with the fortress of Castillo de los Tres Reyes Magos del Morro

Inability of Havana were witnessed in the year 1628, when fleet of Dutch Piet Heyn plundered in the island
In 1662, English admiral and pirate Christopher Myngs captured and briefly occupied Santiago de Cuba, in an effort to open up Cuba's protected trade with neighboring Jamaica.

British carried out unsuccessful attacks against Santiago de Cuba in 1741 and again in 1748 skirmish between British and Spanish naval squadrons occurred near Havana in 1748 Eruption of the Seven Years War in 1754 across three continents (America, Europe and Africa)

British colonizers won over the battle: rapid transformation in Cuba was seen.

A Treaty was given to Britain by French:

Florida

Cuba

Colonization of Spain
Repressing increment of Spanish rule: this momentum between 1834 and 1838, during the despotic governship of the captain general Miguel de Tecon Execution of Spanish-American leader Narciso Lopez, started the formation of a movement that aims to the annexation of the island.

In 1868 revolutionaries under the leadership of Carlos Manuel de Cespedes proclaimed Cuban independence.

Cuban Independence before Ten Years War

Carlos Manuel de Cespedes

Ten Years War

The 1868 rebellion resulted in a prolonged conflict known as the Ten Years War. Original inhabitants (Cuban) versus Colonizers (Spain) In 1878, the Pact of Zanjn ended the conflict, with Spain promising greater autonomy to Cuba.

In 18791880, Cuban patriot Calixto Garcia attempted to start another war known as the Little War but received little support.

Independence
Although certain reforms were inaugurated after the successful revolt, the Spanish government continued to oppress the populace. On February 23, 1895, punting discontent culminated in a resumption of the Cuban revolution, under the leadership of the writer and patriot Jose Marti and general and General Maximo Gomez y Baez. On February 23, 1895, punting discontent culminated in a resumption of the Cuban revolution, under the leadership of the writer and patriot Jose Marti and general and General Maximo Gomez y Baez.

Jose Marti

The Cuban constitution, adopted in 1901, incorporated the provisions of the Platt Amendment, U.S. legislation that established conditions for American intervention in Cuba. (Tomas Estrada Palma)

the eradication of the Yellow Fever had been accomplished in Cuba during the U.S. occupation .

The first several serious insurrections against conservative control of the republic occurred in August 1906 With the election of Mario Garcia Menocal to the presidency later in the 1912

On April 7, 1917, Cuba entered World War I on the side of the allies.

World War 1

Growing Instability
Mounting economic difficulties, caused by complete U.S. domination of Cuban finance, agriculture, and industry, marked the period following World War I. in an atmosphere of crisis. the Liberal Party leader, Gerardo Machado y Morales, campaigned on a reform platform and was elected president in November 1924,

All opposition was brutally suppressed during his administration, which lasted until a general uprising in August 1933

degree of stability was accomplished following the impeachment in 1936 of President Miguel Mariano Gomez by the senate which was controlled by Fulgencio Batista Zaldivar
Batista won the presidential contest in1940 with the support of former leader Federico Loredo Bru, defeating Grau San Martin, the opposition candidate

In December 1941 the Cuban government declared war on Germany, Japan and Italy; consequently it became a charter member of the United Nations (UN) in 1945. The presidential election of 1944 resulted in victory for Grau San Martin, the candidate of a broad coalition parties. Grau San Matin faced a great problem regarding food shortages and different crisis, but. . . He gained popularity after he joined the OAS (Organization of American States) **see sugar

Fluctuations in the world sugar prices and a continuing inflationary spiral kept the political situation unstable in the postwar era Carlos Prio Socarras, a member of the Autentico Party and a cabinet minister under Grau San Martin,was elected president in June 1948

after his inauguration a 10% reduction in retail in prices was decreed in an attempt to offset inflation
Living costs continued to rise, however, leading to unrest and political violence.

The Batista and the Cuban Revolution

On March 1952 former president Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar, supported by the army, seized power Batista suspended the constitution, dissolved the congress and instituted a provisional government, promising elections the following year ***On the other hand, Fidel Castro, young lawyer, started to uprise in the Oriental part. (July 26, 1953) Batista government announced that elections would be held in the fall of 1954

Fulgencio Batista y Zaldivar

Batistas opponent, Grau San Martin, withdrew from the campaign just before the 1954 election *** supportersXXX Batista, reelected without opposition on his inauguration, February 24, 1955, he restored constitutional rule and granted amnesty to political prisoners, including Castro

December 2, 1956, Castros group crushed by the army but successfully escaped to the mountains and establish the 26th of July Movement/ 1953 movement

March 17, 1958. Castro called for a general revolt His forces made steady gains through the remainder of the year and on January 1, 1959; Batista resigned and fled the country provisional government was established

Castros Cuba
Fidel Castro quickly purged political opponents from the administration. Loyalty to Castro became the primary criterion for all appointments. Groups such as labor unions were made illegal. the end of 1960, all opposition newspaper had been closed down and all radio and television stations were in state control. Teachers and professors were purged.

Moderates were arrested.

Fidels brother Raul Castro become the commander of the army. In September 1960, the neighborhood watch networks known as committees for the defense of the revolution (CDR) were created.

In July, two years after the 1959 Revolution, the Integrated Revolutionary Organization (IRO) was formed by the merger of Fidel Castros 26th of July Movement, the Popular Socialist Party led by Blas Roca and the Revolutionary Directory March 13th led by Faure Chomon.

On March 26, 1962 the IRO became the United Party of the Cuban Socialist Revolution (PURSC) which in turn, became the Communist Party of Cuba on October 3, 1965 with Castro as First Secretary.

As of 2011, the Communist party remains the only recognized political party in Cuba.

Breakdown with the United States Castros resentment of US influence

January 7, 1959 US recognized the Cuban Government and President Dwight Eisenhower replaced Earl T. Smith by Philip Bonsal as US Ambassador. On June 5,1958 he wrote: the Americans are going

to pay dearly for what they are doing. When the war is over, Ill start a bigger and longer war of my own: the war Im going to fight against them. That will be my true destiny.

Breakdown of Relations
Only six months after Castro seized power, the Eisenhower administration began to plot his ouster. The United Kingdom was persuaded to cancel the sale of Hawker hunter fighter aircraft to Cuba. Oil deterioration to Cuba by Soviet Union In the Castro governments first agrarian reform law, on May 17, 1959, it sought to limit the size of land holdings and to distribute the land to small famers in Vital Minimum tracts.

Formal Disconnection
The US broke diplomatic relations on January 3, 1961 and imposed the US embargo against Cuba on February 3, 1962. OAS suspended the membership of Cuba January 22, 1962 US government banned all US Cuban trade a couple of weeks later on February 7

The Kennedy administration extended this on February 8, 1963 making all transactions by US citizens to Cuba illegal.

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Known as La Batalla de Giron Invasion of Southern Cuba April, 1961 (more than 3 months after Kennedy assumed the presidency) It worsened the current situation and it boost the Cuban Missile Crisis.

The Cuban missile crisis

October 1962

Secret of Cuba and Soviet regarding MRBMs (mediumrange ballistic missiles) US mandate to Soviet that lead to the agreement of Cuba and US Removal of Missiles from Turkey FRoG (Free Rocket over Ground)

Che Guevarra
Writer, Charist reviewing the appeals and firing squads for those convicted as war criminals during the revolutionary tribunals, instituting agrarian industries, reform as minister of

helping spearhead a successful nationwide literacy campaign, serving as both national bank president and instructional director for Cubas armed forces and traversing the globe as a diplomat on behalf of Cuban socialism

Guevara left Cuba in 1965 to foment revolution abroad, first unsuccessfully in Congo Kinshasha and later Bolivia, where he was captured by CIA assisted Bolivian forces and executed.

Emigration
By 1961, thousands of Cubans had fled Cuba for the United States. On 22 March an exile council was formed. After defeating the Communist regime, the council planned to form a provisional government in which Jose Miro Cardona would have served as the temporary president until elections.

Cuban involvement in Third World Conflicts

Cuba supported African, Central American and Asian countries in the fields of military development, health and education These "overseas adventures" not only irritated the USA but quite often were major headache for Cubas ostensible allies in the Kremlin.

it was on the African continent where Cuba was most active, supporting a total of 17 liberation movements or leftist governments, in countries including Angola, Ethiopia, Guinea-Bissau and Mozambique

Angola
the Cuban government opted for an all out intervention with combat troops (Operation Carlota) in support of the MPLA (Movement for the Popular Liberation of Angola)

North Africa
1961 Cuba supported Algerian against France, Morocco started a border dispute in October 1963 in which Cuba sent troops to help

Congo

Establishment of Simba Rebellion that aims to fight for the land Congo-Leopoldville (now Democratic Republic of Congo), the rebellion was not successful

Ethiopia
Fidel Castro was a friend of the Marxist-Leninist dictator Mengistu Haile Mariam, whose regime killed hundreds of thousands during the Ethiopian Red Terror of the late 1970s Castro: Siad Barre(Marxist-Leninist dictator) was "above all a chauvinist"

Siad Barre

Escalation of Foreign Interventions

1970s and 1980s - 50,000 men stationed in Angola, 24,000 in Ethiopia and hundreds in other countries

Cuban forces played a key role in the Ogaden War 1977/78 between Ethiopia and Somalia and kept a substantial garrison stationed in Ethiopia
Serve as advisor Mozambican Civil war and Congo

Cooperation between Cuban and Soviet intelligence services As early as September 1959, Valdim Kotchergin (or Kochergin), a KGB agent, was seen in Cuba. Jorge Luis Vasquez, a Cuban who was imprisoned in East Germany, states that the East German Stasi trained the personnel of the Cuban Interior Ministry (MINIT)

Cuba after the Soviet Union

Special Period crisis of Cuba and collapse of Soviet Union Problem arises Legalization of Dollars in Cuba Priority on elite and military in terms of medical focuses

The government did not accept American donations of food, medicines and money until 1993, forcing many Cubans to eat anything they could find. Food shortages and intensive black-outs that led to rallies Maleconazo uprising on August 5, 1994

In 1997, a group led by Vladimiro Roca, a decorated veteran of the Angolan war and the son of the founder of the Cuban Communist Party, sent a petition, entitled La Patria es de Todos ("the homeland belongs to all") to the Cuban general assembly requesting democratic and human rights reforms.

In 2001, a group of activists collected thousands of signatures for the Varela Project, a petition requesting a referendum on the island's political process was openly supported by former US president Jimmy Carter

In 2003, Castro cracked down on independent journalists and other dissidents, which became known as the "Black Spring". The government imprisoned 75 dissident thinkers, including 29 journalists, librarians, human rights activists and democracy activists, on the basis that they were acting as agents of the United States by accepting aid from the US government.

Cuba remains one of the few officially socialist states in the world. Although contacts between Cubans and foreign visitors were made legal in 1997 extensive censorship has isolated it from the rest of the world.

Fidel Castro steps down

In 2006, Fidel Castro took ill and withdrew from public life. The following year, Ral Castro became Acting President, replacing his brother as the de facto leader of the country Letter of FC(18 February 2008): "I will not aspire nor acceptI repeat I will not aspire or acceptthe post of President of the Council of State and Commander in Chief."

Castro Brothers

In March 2012, the now-retired Fidel Castro met Pope Benedict XVI during the latter's visit to Cuba; the two men discussed the role of the Catholic Church in Cuba, which has a large Catholic community.

In July 2012, Cuba received its first American goods shipment in over 50 years, following the partial relaxation of the US embargo to permit humanitarian shipments.

Thank You!