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LIGHTNING PROTECTION USING LFA-M

Submitted By:Somi.P.Chacko Class : S7-EEE Roll no : 4344 MCET

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION LIGHTNING TYPES OF LIGHTNING STROKES LFA PRINCIPLE DESIGN OF LFA-M PROTECTION AGAINST DIRECT LIGHTNING STROKES CRITICAL GRADIENT EFFICIENCY OF LFA-M ADVANTAGES APPLICATIONS FUTURE EXPANSION CONCLUSION REFERENCE

INTRODUCTION
Outages of overhead power lines due to lightning strokes are one of the main causes of shortages of electric supplies and economic losses of power utilities To prevent arc fusion of insulated conductors,pole top arresters are used The main problem of using pole top arresters is their high cost LFA consists of a long surface flashover discharge element called Long Flashover Arrester(LFA) It is simple, effective, inexpensive and reliable No power arc follow occurs

LIGHTNING
An electrical discharge:-

1)between cloud and earth 2)between cloud 3)between charge centres of the same cloud

TYPES OF LIGHTNING STROKES

Indirect stroke Direct stroke

DIRECT STROKES
STROKE-A

STROKE-B

LFA PRINCIPLE
Probability of PAF depends on *mean gradient of operational voltage(E) *nominal voltage of he line(U) *length of the flashover path(L) *moment at which lightning stroke occured *lightning current magnitude *line parameters ph

E=U

/L

- The LFAs length may be several times greater than that of an insulator - The LFA impulse flashover voltage is lower than that of the insulator and the LFA will flashover before the insulator

DESIGN OF LFA-M

LFA 10-M arrester for protection of 10 kV transmission overhead lines. Block diagram

Electric Schematic

PROTECTION AGAINST DIRECT LIGHTNING STROKES

CRITICAL GRADIENT

EFFICIENCY OF LFA-M

n0=NDLS P(l1) Parc (1-Prc) n0=NDLS P(I1,cr) Parc (1-Prc) K=n0/ n0= 1/ P(I1,cr)

ADVANTAGES
Construction is simple Reliable Inexpensive No power arc follow Used for both induced overvoltages and direct lightning strokes No need for maintainence

APPLICATIONS
LFA-L Loop

1.cable loop 2.clamp 3.steel structure 4.metal tube 5.power line conductor 6.flashover channel 7.insulator 8.intermediate ring electrodes

 LFA Insulation tube

1.power line conductor 2.insulation tube 3.metal tube clamp 4.Insulator 5.Structure 6.Flashover channel 7.Sparkover horn 8.S-sparkover gap

FUTURE EXPANSION
The number of flash over modules increases by increasing the cable pieces This can be used for lightning protection of very high voltage lines.

CONCLUSION
LFA comprising three flash over modules, using the creeping discharge effect. The LFA-M is a simple, low weight and convenient apparatus. The cost of LFAs is only about one tenth of that of metal oxide arresters. Installation of LFAs at each pole and phase is more attractive than for metal oxide arresters

REFERENCES
George V. Podporkin, Vladimir E Pilshikov, Alexander D. Sivavev,lightning protection of Medium Voltage Overhead Lines by Modular Long-Flashover Arrester, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Volume 18, No 3, on pages 781-787, July 2003 George V. Podporkin, Alexander D. Sivavev, lightning protection of Distribution lines by LFA, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Volume 13, No.3, On pages 814-823, July 1998

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