CHAPTER 11 BIODIVERSITY

Power point@lecture Slides Are Prepared By Biology Lecturer, KMPk

11.6.9 PHYLUM CHORDATA

OBJECTIVES
Describe the unique characteristics of Chordata. State classification of Chordata into four subphyla.
Urochordata (Sea squirt) Hemichordata (Acorn worm) Cephalochordata (Lancelet) Vertebrata

OBJECTIVES
State classification of subphylum Vertebrata into six classes:
Class Chondrichthyes (ray, Raja) Class Osteichthyes (ikan selar, Selar) Class Amphibia (frog) Class Reptile (crocodile, Crocodilus) Class Aves (pigeon, Columba) Class Mammalia (rat, Rattus)

Unique Characteristics
Notochord
Longitudinal, flexible rod
located between digestive tube and nerve cord later become vertebral column / backbone

Provides skeletal support.

 Pharyngeal slits (slits in the pharynx)

Found in all chordate embryos
A series of pouches separated by grooves found along the sides of the pharynx

Function: Invertebrates chordates

Suspension feeding devices (invertebrate chordates) Modified for gaseous exchange (vertebrates) Gill slits at sides of pharynx

 Dorsal hollow nerve cord

Develops from a plate of ectoderm that rolls into a tube located above the notochord Develops into central nervous system
Brain and spinal cord

 Close circulatory system

Hepatic portal system
blood from alimentary canal taken to liver and taken back to the heart

Heart is ventral position

found behind and below pharynx.

 Post anal tail

Tail extending posterior to anus Lost during embryonic development Contains skeletal elements and muscles. Provides propelling force in many aquatic species

 Myotomes
Muscular tissues arranged in blocks
Usually resemble the letter "W

Present in embryonic stage Maintained in some adults chordates

Subphylum Urochordata (Sea Squirt)

Classification

Subphylum Hemichordata (Acorn worm)

Subphylum Chephalochordata (Lancelet)

Subphylum Vertebrata
Class Chondrichthyes (ray, Raja) Class Osteichthyes (ikan selar, Selar) Class Amphibia (frog) Class Reptile (crocodile, Crocodilus) Class Aves (pigeon, Columba) Class Mammalia (rat, Rattus)

Evolutionary Relationship of Animals

Based on:
Level of organization Germ layers Body plan (symmetry) Body cavity Segmentation/metamerism (Show table)

NEXT LECTURE

CHAPTER 12 ECOLOGY