MINDANAO BIODIVERSITY

THEN AND NOW

Regions 9 and 10

MINDANAO FOREST COVER

1900

MINDANAO FOREST COVER

1960 - 1980

MINDANAO FOREST COVER

1999

MINDANAO FOREST COVER

2000

MINDANAO FOREST COVER

2009

2000

2009

Species Endemic to

Mindanao

CAMIGUIN FOREST RAT

-specie is endemic in Camiguin island -only known to scientists in 2002 -Scientific name is Bullimus gamay

CAMIGUIN FOREST MOUSE

-endemic in the island of Camiguin -large eyes and ears -feeds mostly on insects and seeds -captured during a biological survey in1994-1995 high on the steep slopes of one of the islands volcanoes

CAMIGUIN HANGING PARROT

-endemic in Camiguin -mostly green with blue face, throat and thighs -further DNA analysis is needed to clarify its taxonomy

CAMIGUIN NARROW MOUTHED FROG

-endemic in Camiguin -threatened by habitat loss -habitat: moist lowlands and tropical forests

PAPHIOPEDILUM CILIOLARE
-endemic in Camiguin and Dinagat Islands

MINDANAO TREESHREW

-It lives in rain forests and mountain forests. -It is the heaviest treeshrew, weighing about 355 g, and is terrestrial.

SPECIES OF RAY-FINNED FISH ENDEMIC TO LAKE LANAO

Pait

Bagangan

Baolan

Disa

Katapa-tapa

Kandar

Manalak

Tras

Palata

CEPHALAKOMPSUS PACHYCHEILUS

Possibly extinct. Endemic to Lake Lanao

RAFFLESIA MIRA

- It is endemic in the rainforest of Mindanao and can only be found in the vicinity of Mount Candalaga, Compostela Valley province. -

Critically Endangered

PHILIPPINE COCKATOO
-Critically endangered -Loss of lowland habitats -Animal trade -The rate of decline of this specie is decreasing, its status may be down listed to endangered -Population is estimated at 550 to 1200 individuals

PHILIPPINE EAGLE
-called the monkey eating eagle -Critically endangered -extremely small population -the decline of this specie may continue in the future -population is estimated at 250 to 750 individuals

JAPANESE NIGHT HERON

-main wintering area: Philippines -critically endangered -global population is fewer than 1000 individuals -main threat is deforestation -rapid decline is also caused by introduction of foreign species *Siberian weasels -predation

ROSS' WOLF SNAKE

-Endemic to Dalupiri Island, Cagayan Province. Possible specimens collected from Calayan andCamiguin Norte -Critically endangered -The forest on Dalupiri Island is highly fragmented and the remaining habitat is continuing to degrade because of ranching activities in the area. There are forest remnants that may support the species on cliffs. Although the three confirmed specimens were collected in forest, further studies into the threats to the species are needed as closely related species are often not restricted to forest.

SULU BLEEDING-HEART

-Sighting reports in 1995. Endemic to the Sulu Archipelago -This species is known from two specimens collected in the Sulu Archipelago in 1891, and has not been recorded with certainty since. There were local reports of the bird from several islands in 1995. -Critically Endangered

BLUE-WINGED RACKET-TAIL
-Endemic to the Sulu Archipelago -Critically endangered parrot specie -It is threatened by habitat loss.

KRIS PLANT/ SANDERS ALOCASIA

-cultivated as an ornamental plant -critically endangered -endemic to Bukidnon and Misamis Occidental

VATICA ELLIPTICA
-Considered to be very close to extinction. -Endemic to Mt. Kaladis, Zamboanga del Sur

Endangered

LIMBLESS WORM SKINK

-Endangered specie - Endemic to Sulu archipelago - The Sulu archipelago totals approximately 1,500 km, the species is known from six islands of which two are wholly deforested, and the two large islands in the group (Jolo and Tawi-Tawi) have only small areas of severely fragmented forest remaining.

-There are significant levels of commercial logging within the Sulu Archipelago

DINAGAT GYMNURE

-Endemic to the Dinagat Islands -Endangered due to habitat loss.

SULU SHORT-HEADED SNAKE

-Endemic to the Sulu archipelago

- Endangered specie
-Within the Philippines there is no forest left on the small islands from which the species has been recorded, and commercial logging operations are currently deforesting the larger islands.

Vulnerable

MINDANAO BROADBILL
-Endemic to Mindanao: Dinagat, Siargao and Basilan -Natural habitats are: subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss. -Vulnerable specie

MINDANAO EAGLE-OWL
-Vulnerable owl specie -locally known as Buho de Mindanao

-Its natural habitat is subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests.

-It is threatened by habitat loss.

Threatened

MINDANAO BROWN DOVE

-Threatened specie of bird - Endemic in the forests of Mindanao & Basilan -It has not been recorded in Basilan since 1937 - It is threatened by habitat loss and hunting.

SILVERY KINGFISHER
-Endemic to Samar, Leyte, Bohol, Siargao, Mindanao, Basilan -Locally known as kasay-kasay -Threatened by habitat loss

SULU PYGMY WOODPECKER

-Endemic to the Sulu archipelago

- Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, subtropical or tropical mangrove forests, and arable land. -Threatened by habitat loss

ALINDANAW
-Endemic to Jolo island

-Natural habitat: rivers

- Threatened by habitat loss

DINAGAT BUSHY-TAILED CLOUD RAT

-Endemic to Dinagat Island -The main threat is habitat loss caused by deforestation and chromite mining.

PHALAENOPSIS MICHOLITZII

-It is endemic in the Zamboanga peninsula -It is threatened by habitat loss and overcollection.

WALING-WALING

Waling-waling is one of the finest orchid species endemic to the Philippines

Grows on tree trunks in the rainforests of Davao, Sultan Kudarat and other parts of Mindanao In the 1950s, the ''systematic plunder'' of wild plants, including orchids, started; upland farmers had been despoiling the forests and selling rare orchid varieties, such as the waling-waling, abroad. Recent surveys show that the waling-waling can be found in abundance no longer in the Philippines but in other countries, particularly Singapore, Thailand, Hong Kong and Hawaii.

The waling-waling is almost extinct in the wildlife Due to habitat destruction particularly the Mount Apo rainforests the waling-waling disappeared in the Davao gardens for almost a century. Charita Puentespina - successfully pioneered the massproducing the waling-waling through embryo culture. deforestation, trade and excessive extraction Republic Act No. 3983, which prescribe conditions under which (wild flowers and plants) may be collected, kept, sold, exported, and for other purposes.

DAVAO ORIENTAL

One of the three extremely high biodiversity areas in the Philippines. The other two areas are Palawan and the Northern Sierra Madre.

PUJADA BAY

Around 15,000 species of sea creatures are found here.

Lobsters, sea cow or locally known as Dugong, hammerhead shark, blue whale, manta ray, and different kinds of turtles are just among the many sea animals that can be found.

Pujada Bay during sunrise Found in Mati, Davao Oriental

MOUNT HAMIGUITAN
It is the habitat of the endemic but endangered Philippine eagle. Possesses a varied ecosystem of many endemic, rare, and endangered flora and fauna.

Mount Hamiguitan protected area

Located in the province of Davao Oriental

AGUSAN MARSH

Is found in the heart of Mindanao's Agusan Basin and is one of the largest and the most contained freshwater catch basin wetland in the Philippines.
Agusan Marsh (Agusan Del Sur)

AGUSAN MARSH

It is one of Asia's most important transit points for wild birds. Ethnic Manobos have made their permanent homes deep within the marsh, living on floating homes.

Ethnic Manobos living on floating homes

THREATS
Illegal fishing and overfishing Uncontrolled tourism activities Pollution

Increase in supply and demand Existing industries are extractive in nature

Mining and Quarrying

Logging and Timber Plantations

Industrial Development and Land Conversion Population Pressure