working of different

LAMPS

Presented by Nagaraju(L09EE140)

INTRODUCTION:
Light plays an important part in modern day to day life ,because all activities to human beings ultimately depend up on the light . moreover ,where natural light is not available, use artificial light is made.

SOURCES OF LIGHTS :

LIGHT

NATURAL EX:SUN,STAR

NON ELECTERICAL ELECTRICAL EX:CANDLE, EX:INCANDESCENT KEROSENE LAMPS LAMP

WHAT IS LIGHT ?
Light is an electromagnetic radiation. A hot body about 500 c to 800 c becomes a red hot & about 2500c to 3000c the body becomes white hot. In both the cases a part of radiation is in the form of heat and the rest in the form of light.

PRODUCTION OF LIGHT :
It is produced by electronic oscillations with in the atom it self. If two electrodes are placed in gas potential difference applied between them , the free electrons will be attracted toward the anode with velocity depending on the potential gradient.

PRODUCTION OF LIGHT INCLUDES:

Elastic collision. Excitation . Ionization . Incandescence. Fluorescence &phosphorescence.

Requirements of good lighting:

Illumination level Absence of glare Absence of contrast Shadows Colour rendering Ease of maintenance

Types of lamps:
lamps

Arc lamps

Incandescent lamps

Gas discharge lamps

Sodium vapour lamp

Mercury vapour lamp

Neon lamps

Fluorescent lamps

Arc lamps:
An arc is strucked between two carbon rods and white light will be produced when two rods are separated slightly. The arc is maintained by transfer of carbon particles from +ve rod to ve rod. The efficiency of the lamp is 9 lumens/watt. It mainly used for outdoor use. Disadvantage of lamp flicker &noise.

Incandescent lamps (or) filament lamps:

It works on the principle of incandescene. They have long life of about 1000 hours at a specified filament temperature of 2700c and voltage is 230v. The bulb is filled with an inert gas (argon,nitrogen,neon) to reduce the evaporation of the filament. tungsten filament can run at temperature ranging from 2500c to 3000c Efficiency of lamp is 12 lumen/watt.

Gas discharge lamps:

Electric current is passed through a gas or vapour. It works on the principle of excitation & ionisation. The colours of light produced depends on the nature of gas or vapour.

Sodium vapour lamp:

It consists of an inner tube of u-shaped filled with sodium and inert gas neon or argon & is fitted two elements. This lamp is used horizontally to help the sodium when spread along the tube. When sodium vaporizes the colour changes from red to yellow. The efficiency is about 50-70 lumen/watt for a 140w and life is 3000 working hours. These lamps are used for street lighting, high lighting.

Mercury vapour lamp:

The inner tube contains argon gas and a few mercury drops and two main electrodes in the from of oxide coated coils. The operation takes about 5-7 minutes. It emits greenish blue light. The efficiency of lamp is 30-40 lumens/watt. It is mounted vertically. It is used for industrial lighting, ports,shopping centre.

Neon lamps:
This lamp consists of a glass tube containing neon gas with a small amount of helium. This lamp gives orange pink colour. It requires 110v for A.C &150v for D.C Efficiency of lamp is 15-40 lumens/watt. consumption is 5watts. Used for night lamps, indicator lamps, decoration and advertising.

Fluorescent lamps:
The inside of tube is coated with a fluorescent material (zinc beryllium silicate, calcium tungstate, calcium borate.) The efficiency of the lamp is about 40 lumens/wattand life is 4000 hours.

Lamps for different situations:

s.No Lighting scheme Lamps used

1.

Domestic

2. 3.

Industrial Decoration

Fluorescent, incandescent, CLF lamps M.V.lamps,fluorescent

M.V, S.V , neon,halogen lamps M.V, neon, halogen lamps M.V, S.V , fluorescent

4.
5.

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