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Operation : At Startup
1. Each router will discover its neighbors (direct connected +operate with link state protocols) using the hello protocol (layer-3 protocol).
2. Each router will form a packet called link state advertisement (LSA) describing itself.
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2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Advertiser Router ID C
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Link State Data Base (LSDB)
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2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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At convergence: Each router will only send periodic LSA every 30 min. to make LSDB refreshment.
At change: The router that feels a change will send triggered partial update containing the effected entry only to its neighbors and the process is repeated all over again.
2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Robustness against routing loops: - Routers know the topology. - Link-state packets are sequenced and acknowledged (reliable protocol). Lower bandwidth waste: - No periodic updates.
Classless.
2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Complex configuration
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Each router must know full details about its area & knows only summary about other areas. Area 0 is the backbone area and all other areas must be connected to area 0 Network instability affect the area only ,& not the entire network.
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OSPF Topologies
The operation of the ospf depend on the network topology its working in. Network Topologies
Point-to-Point topology Broadcast Multiple Access (BMA) Ex: Ethernet Non Broadcast Multiple Access (NBMA) Ex: FR,ATM,X.25
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- the same area ID. - same hello interval. - same dead interval = 4 hello timer. - same authentication password.
2.1. DR & BDR Election:
-Q: How to elect a DR? 1. The first router to boot up. 2. Router having highest priority per interface. 3.Router having highest router ID. -the routers that are not DR or BDR called drothers
2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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Priority
Priority is a number from (0-255) By default all interfaces have priority=1 & we can change it by configuration.
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Router ID
Every router in OSPF environment is identified by RID RID is 32 bit value, it is selected to be : 1-The highest IP address of loopback interface if exist (logical interface that is always up) to configure loopback interface :
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3. Route Selection: Apply Dijestra Algorithm on SPF tree to form the RTG table
2004, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
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