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IMOGENE KING
Born in 1923. Received her basic Nursing Education from St. Johns Hospital School of Nursing in 1945. Received her Bachelor of Science in Nursing and Education with minors in Philosophy and Chemistry from St. Louis University in 1948. Received her Master of Science in Nursing from St. Louis University in 1957. Received her Doctor of Education from Teachers College, Columbia University.
IMOGENE KING
King has had experience in Nursing as an administrator, an educator, and a practitioner. Her area of clinical practice in adult Medical-Surgical Nursing She served as Director of the School of Nursing at The Ohio State University in Columbus She has been a faculty member at: St. Johns Hospital School of Nursing, St. Louis Loyola University, Chicago University of South Florida
IMOGENE KING
The goal of the nurse is to help individuals maintain or regain health. Nursings domain includes promoting, maintaining, restoring health and caring for the sick, injured or dying. The function of the professional nurse is to interpret information in, what is known as the nursing process, to plan, implement, and evaluate nursing care for individuals, families, groups and communities.
NURSING PARADIGMS
HUMAN BEINGS
King describes human beings as social, sentient, rational, reacting, perceiving, controlling, purposeful, action-oriented and time-oriented. King states that a concern for Nursing is helping people interact with their environment in a manner that will support health maintenance and growth toward self fulfillment.
HUMAN BEINGS
King has derived the following assumptions that are specific to nurse-client interaction:
Perceptions of nurse and of client influence the interaction process. Goals, needs, and values of nurse and client influence the interaction process. Individuals have a right to knowledge about themselves. Individuals have a right to participate in decisions that influence their life, their health, and community services. Individuals have a right to accept or to reject health care. Goals of health professionals and goals of recipients of health care may be incongruent.
HUMAN BEINGS
King stated that human beings have three fundamental health needs: The need for health information that is usable at the time when it is needed and can be used. The need for care that seeks to prevent illness. The need for care when human beings are unable to help themselves. King indicated that nurses have the opportunity to find out what health information the client has how the client views his or her own health what actions the client takes for health maintenance
HEALTH
King defined health as "dynamic life experiences of a human being, which implies continuous adjustment to stressors in the internal and external environment through optimum use of ones resources to achieve maximum potential for daily living". King affirms that health is not a continuum but a holistic state and identifies the characteristics of health as "genetic, subjective, relative, dynamic, environmental, functional, cultural and perceptual ". King defines illness as a deviation from or imbalance in persons normal functioning. This deviation may be related to biological structure, psychological make-up, or social relationships.
ENVIRONMENT
Environment and Society are indicated as major concepts in Kings conceptual system but are not specifically defined in her work. Society may be viewed as the social systems portion of her conceptual system. Although Kings definition of health mentions both internal and external environments, King also stated that environment is a function of balance between internal and external interactions. King presented her material based on open systems and it is assumed that the definition of external environment was drawn from the general systems theory.
ENVIRONMENT
Systems are considered to have semipermeable boundaries that help differentiate their internal components from the rest of the world. The external environment for a system is the portion of the world that exists outside of the system.
NURSING
Nursing is defined as the nurse and client using action, reaction and interaction in a health care situation to share information about their perception of each other and the situation. This communication enables them to set goals and choose the methods for meeting the goals. Action is defined as a sequence of behaviors involving mental and physical activity. Reaction is not specifically defined but might be considered to be included in the sequence of behaviors described in action.
NURSING
ACTION
Mental Action Physical Action Mental Action Physical Action
King describes the steps of the nursing process as a system of interrelated actions and identifies concepts from her work that provide the theoretical basis for the nursing process as a method.
The nurse needs to collect data about the clients level of growth and development, view of self, perception of current health status, communication patterns and role socializations.
King emphasizes the importance of mutual participation in interaction that focuses on the needs and welfare of the client and of verifying perceptions while planning and activities to achieve goals are carried out together.
Think about this It is not enough to take steps which may some day lead to a goal; each step must be itself a goal and a step likewise.
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
REFERENCE
George, Julia B., 2008, Nursing Theories: The Base for Professional Nursing Practice. Fifth Edition. Prentice Hall