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ADVANTAGES
Practical More Reliable
IMPORTANCE OF MANAGERS
Managers, no matter what their career field and educational background, should KNOW ENOUGH about the business needs to be able TO RECOMMEND hardware that meet their needs.
Fundamentals of Information System by Stairs & Reynolds
HARDWARE
The physical components of a computer that perform the input, processing, storage, and output activities of the computer
EFFECTIVE, EFFICIENT, and WELL SUITED to tasks. In choosing the right hardware, understand its relationship to the IS and the current and future needs of the organization
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Examples of Integration
NOAA upgraded to two more
powerful computer systems North Carolina State Employees Credit Union invested on computer hardware Seaport Hotel implemented touch-screen computers
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Hardware Components
makes logical comparisons Control unit: accesses, decodes and coordinates data in CPU and other devices
Primary memory
Holds program instructions and data for processing Located close to the CPU (to decrease access time)
System unit
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Box or cabinet that houses the CPU and memory Fundamentals of Information System by Stairs Reynolds devices are directly or indirectly linked into the Other &
unit
rate that affects machine cycle time measured in megahertz (MHz) for millions or gigahertz(GHz) for billions of cycles per second
Physical Characteristics of CPU
CPU Speed depends on the distances of the imprinted
digital circuits
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faster and more accurate In engineering, testing of virtually-created products of how they work In clothing, simulation of designs for just over one month from the traditional six months
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data is retrieved directly and faster, without having to pass by other data in sequence
Direct Access Storage Devices (DASDs)
EXAMPLE: Retrieving Part Number 125 in an inventory data that stores by part number (such as 100, 101, 102, etc) Read and discard data on parts 001 through 124
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magnetized bits and with thin metallic platters (hard disks) or Mylar film (diskettes)
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(RAID)
Stores extra bits so that data can be reconstructed if
Virtual Tape
Storage for less needed data Slower data access but is cheaper and with smaller floor
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devices and computers over a network Uses computer servers, distributed storage devices, and networks to tie everything together
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Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) can store 740 MB of data cannot be modified
CD-recordable (CD-R) can write once CD-rewritable (CD-RW) can write repeatedly
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digital video or 4.7 GB (single-sided DVD) or 9.4 GB (double-sided DVD) at a faster rate Record-once discs: DVD-R and DVD+R Rewritable discs: DVD-RW, DVD+RW, and DVD-RAM Blu-ray high-definition video disc
based on blue-laser technology stores at least three times as much data as a DVD holds
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provide faster data access Universal Serial Bus (USB) flash drive
a commonly used SSD external to the computer, removable and rewritable weigh less than an ounce and can provide storage of 1 GB to 64
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Input Devices
Personal Computer Input Devices
Keyboard, mouse Wireless mice and keyboards Split keyboard designed to avoid wrist and hand injuries caused by hours of keyboarding sketches can be entered on the touchpad and text using the keys
interpret human speech as data basic systems: train the system to recognize your speech patterns More advanced systems: recognize continuous speech Very advanced systems: can interpret a voice never heard and understand a rich vocabulary
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Input Devices
Digital Cameras
record and store images or video in digital form which can
receipt at fast-food restaurants for order clerks to enter customer choices at hotel information centers for guests to request locations facts at amusement parks to provide directions to patrons
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Input Devices
Optical Data Readers
a special scanning device to scan documents two categories: optical mark recognition (OMR) readers used to capture choices placed in OMR paper called a mark sense form during tests (SAT, GMAT, etc) and elections optical character recognition (OCR) readers use reflected light to recognize and scan handwritten or typed documents and convert them into digital data which could be shared, modified, and distributed
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Input Devices
Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) Devices
reads codes on banking documents (checks, loan
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Input Devices
Radio Frequency Identification (RFID)
employs a microchip (RFID tag) with an antenna to
the shelves to determine when shelves should be restocked tags on miners cap lamps, vehicles and equipments to track realtime location
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Output Devices
provide output which can be an input into another
computer system
form: visual, audio, or digital
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Output Devices
Display Monitors
cathode-ray tube (CRTs) early monitors where output quality is measured by number of pixels and dot pitch Plasma display produces high resolution and accurate representation of colors using thousands of pixels that are electrically turned into plasma
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Output Devices
Display Monitors (continued)
LCD displays flat displays that use liquid crystals to form characters and graphic images on a backlit screen easier on your eyes, take up less space and use less electricity than CRTs Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) provides sharper and brighter colors than LCDs and CRTs by directly emitting light than using backlight flexible and less fragile
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Output Devices
Printers and Plotters
Hard copy output device Plotter used for general design work usually to generate paper or acetate blueprints, schematics, and drawings of buildings or new products onto paper or transparencies
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Output Devices
Printers and Plotters (Continued)
Printer Accommodates smaller and different paper forms (blank check forms, invoice forms, etc.) speed of the printer is measured by pages printed per minute (ppm) quality or resolution depends on dots printed per inch (dpi) Laser printers can handle more volume and is faster than inkjet printers
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Output Devices
Digital Audio Player
store, organize, and play digital music files MP3 (MPEG-1 Audio Layer-3) compressed small file with preserved sound quality faster to download and takes less storage space
to 8 inches
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nonportable computers
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Laptop Computers
small and light enough to sit comfortably on the lap
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laptop computer family great for tasks that do not require a lot of computing power and lots of storage capacity
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clipboard Other input methods: pen, optional keyboard or speech recognition Slate Computers - support writing stylus only Convertible tablet PC screen can be swiveled and be used as a notebook
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drives have limited capabilities and perform only essential applications never pick up viruses or suffer a hard disk crash
Desktop Computers
highly versatile providing sufficient power, memory, and
storage
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and consumes less power performs basic processing tasks (Internet surf, document process, and audio/video playback)
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but small enough to fit on a desktop used to support engineering and technical activities requiring a high-end processor
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Enterprise server
manages programs
File server
manages files
Server farm
housing facility of servers where they can be controlled
Blade server
houses many computer motherboards which is more powerful,
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GREEN COMPUTING
a program concerned with the efficient and
environmentally responsible design, manufacture, operation, and disposal of IS-related products a new business strategy
Apple: claims greenest lineup of notebooks, removing
toxic chemicals Dell: new mantra the greenest technology company on Earth Hewlett-Packard: long tradition of environmentalism (shutting down of computers to save energy and reduce carbon emissions), green packaging (reduce use of materials)
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SOURCES
Stair, R., & Reynolds, G. (2012). Fundamentals of
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