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OBJECTIVES
To explain the importance of transport and communication in the ever shrinking world.
MODES OF TRANSPORT
INTRODUCTION
Transport, communication and trade play an important role in day to day life as they link production with consumption. Production itself becomes easy by transport, communication and trade as processing site is linked with the sites of raw material. Developed transport, communication and trade help goods and services being distributed in the local, national and international markets. They not only ensure movement of people, materials and communication but also movement of ideas, and skill from one region to another. So, the development of efficient transport and communication network reflects the development of economy and the country as a whole. These means are called lifelines of a nations economy. In the modern world, no country can prosper without the co-operation and help of other countries . For this movement of goods and material is essential among the countries .Movement of goods and materials among the countries is termed as trade. Trade provides with our necessities and also add to our amenities and comforts. Transport, communication and trade are essential for economic integration, social interaction and defence of the country as well as other countries.
TRANSPORT NETWORK
MEANS OF TRANSPORT
LAND
WATER
AIR
ROADWAYS
RAILWAYS
PIPELINES
INLAND WAYS
OVERSEAS WAYS
DOMESTIC AIRWAYS
INTERNATIONAL AIRWAYS
PUBLIC UNDERTAKING
PRIVATE AIRLINES
ROADS
NETWORK OF ROADS IN INDIA - 33.2 lakh km. On the basis of nature & surfacing - 1.Metalled (pucca)- 57%
2. Unmetalled (kuchcha) -43%
On the basis of construction & maintenance (a.) Golden Quadrilateral Super Highway : (i) NHDP Phase- I :- 5,846 km., six lane,
CONNECTING-Delhi ,Mumbai, Chennai and Kolkata
7300 km.
(iii) Port connectivity and other projects (iv) NHDP Phase III:- 4,015km., 4 lane ,
1,157 km.
-National Highway Authority of India (NHAI) is the implementing agency for NHDP programme. -NHAI is implement 4 laning of 603km. Special Accelerated Road Development Programme in the North Eastern Region (SARDP-NE) ,
ROAD DENSITY -
The lowest density 10 km.per 100 sq.km in J.&K. The highest density 375 km.per 100 sq.km. in Kerala The national average of road density 75 km. per 100 sq. km.
RAILWAYS
Introduced by British Govt. in 1853 - 34 km. between Mumbai to Thane
1. Route Length 2.Railway Station 3. Railway Engines 4. Coaches 5. Wagons 6. Running Track 7. Electrified Track 8. Zones
: 63,221 km :7,031 :7,817 :36,510 :2,28,170 :1,07,969 km. :17,500 km. :16
Travelling without tickets. Thefts of railway properties. Damaging railway properties. Pulling up of chains and stopping of trains. Attacks of terrorists. Bomb blasts. Throwing of passengers out of trains over traffic matters
PIPELINES
Pipelines have become a major means of transport and are used in transporting crude oil, petroleum product and natural gas from the oil and natural gas fields to refineries, fertiliser factories and big thermal power generation plants. Major categories of pipeline transportation in India :1. upper Assam Oil fields to Kanpur via Guwahati, Barauni and Allahabad 2. Salaya (Gujarat) to Jalandhar (Punjab) via Viramgam, Mathura, Delhi and Panipat. 3. Hazira (Gujarat) to Jagdishpur (U.P.) via Bijapur (M.P.) the longest pipeline in India -1700km. 4. Mumbai HIGH with Mumbai Pune PROPOSED PIPELINES (I) Between Kandla and Panipat (II) Between Kandla and Bina (III) Between Mumbai and Manmad (IV) Between Vishakhapatanam to Vijaiwada (V) between Mangalore to Chennai via Bangalore
waterways
India has a large number of perennial rivers and a very long coastline of 6100 km.
1.The Ganga river - Allahabad to Haldia 2. The Brahmaputra river - Sadiya TO Dhubri 3. The West Coast Canal - Kollam to Kottapuram 4. The Champakara Canal Kerala 5. Udagmandalam Canal - Kerala
Major Sea Ports :- At the time of Independence - 5 sea ports Sea ports at West Coast Seaports at East Coast
1. Kandla 2. Mumbai 3. Nhova Sheva (Jawahar Lal Nehru) 4.Mormugao 5. Mangalore 6. Kochi 1. Tuticorin 2. Chennai 3. Ennore 4. Vishakhapatnam 5. Paradip 6. Haldia
Airways
Air travel is the fastest, most comfortable and prestigious mode of transport. Civil Aviation Department of controls and supervises the activities of airlines and gives guidelines for safe operations of the airlines. AIR SERVICES :- 1. Air India - 26 Air Craft 2. Indian Airlines - 54 Air Craft 3. Pawan Hans Helicopters 4. Private Air Lines (Scheduled & Non-scheduled)-70 International Airports :- 14 1.Delhi 8.Kochi 2.Mumbai 9.Hyderabad 3.Chennai 10. Guwahati 4. Kolkata 11. Bangalore 5. Amritsar 12. Thiruvananthapuram 6. Ahmedabad 13. Srinagar 7. Panaji 14. Pune Airports are managed by Airports Authority of India.
2.
3. 4. 5. 6.
Lifelines of the CountryTransportationTurning of local market into national market Help in the development of economy National integration of the country Cultural integration
COMMUNICATION NETEORK
Communication is the process in which messages are sent from one place to another; people sitting thousands of km. away talk with one another and even watch one another. Various Means of communication1. Postal Services 2. Print Media 3. Telecommunication4. Electronic Media - Radio & Television 5. Teleprinters and Cables
Trade
The exchange of goods among people, states and countries is referred to as
trade.
Trade between two countries is called international trade.
Foreign Trade includes exports and imports. Export trade is the trade
in which a country supplies its surplus goods and commodities to other nations and earn valuable foreign exchange. Import trade is the trade in which a country obtains these goods and commodities from other countries in which it is deficient.
Balance of Trade is the difference in the value of exports and imports. Major items of Indias Exports - Agriculture and allied product, ores and
minerals, gems and jewellery and chemical products, engineering goods.