HYPERMESH

INRODUCTION TO FINITE ELEMENT MODELING

PRADEEP KUMAR
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Definition of FEM
It is the procedure of converting continuous model to discrete model(Finite degrees of freedom).

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Finite element procedure

Step1:- Modeling the physical object usually done by CAD software's like UG,CATIA,PRO-E etc. This is

Step2:-Discretization of the structure(Meshing) This is the process of converting physical model to FEM model, generally this is done by HYPERMESH,ANSA etc. Step3:-Formation of element stiffness matrix.
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Step4:-Assembly of element stiffness matrix to form a global stiffness matrix in the form KU=F where ,K=Global stiffness matrix U=Model displacement matrix F=Nodal force matrix Step5:-Application of boundary conditions and usage of elimination technique

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Step6:- Calculating the primary data(Nodal displacement) Step7:-Calculating the secondary data(stress and strain) Step8:-Presentation of results by applying different theories of failure.

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Advantages
Can readily handle complex geometry
Can handle complex loading Special geometric effects can be modeled Can handle complex restraints

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Disadvantages
The FEM is applied to an approximation of the mathematical model of a system Experience and Judgment are needed in order to construct a good FEM Susceptible to user introduced modeling errors Poor choice of element types Distorted elements Geometry not adequately modeled

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Limitations
Larger unwanted data Selection of proper mesh size is very difficult Incapable of handling incompressible fluids Obtaining material properties other than isotropic is very difficult

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General analysis in FEM

Structural analysis Fluid analysis

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Stages of Ansys
Pre- processing Processing(Solution) Post -processing

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Pre-processing
In this stage the following tasks are carried out Building the solid model Selecting the proper element type Selection of suitable analysis type

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Post -processing
In this stage results can be viewed or listed Data can be queried Multiple plots are possible

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Basic Definitions
Geometry:-The area mathematics which deals with lines, shapes, points, angles etc Point:-It is the exact position on plane surface Line:-A set of points constitutes a line or The distance between two points Plane:-Three non collinear points defines a plane or A flat geometry with zero thickness

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Surface:-Boundary of a figure OR a finite area bounded by at least 3 or more lines, they may be curved Solid:-It is three dimensional geometric body free from cavities. Element:- The division of physical structure is called an element Node:-Is the most basic finite element entity
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Element Types

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HYPERMESH
HYPER Beyond or Above normal MESH A material made up of a network of Wire or thread

Is a high performance finite element pre-processor that provides a highly interactive and visual environment to analyze product design performance

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Meshing
Creation of grid on the surface. Discretization of a physical geometry is known as meshing

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Hyper Mesh Command Keys

F1=Hidden line F2=Delete F3=Replace F4=Distance F5=Mask F6=Edit element F7=Node edit F8=Create node F9=Line edit F10=Check elements F11=Quick edit F12=Auto mesh
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Basic Element Types - Shapes

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Hyper Mesh Geometry Terminology

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There are four types of surface edges:

1. Free edges 2. Shared edges 3. Suppressed edges 4. Non-manifold edges

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Free Edges A free edge is an edge that is owned by only one surface. Free edges are colored red by default. Shared Edges A shared edge is an edge that is owned, or shared, by two adjacent surfaces. Shared edges are colored green by default. Suppressed Edges A suppressed edge is shared by two surfaces but it is ignored by the auto mesher. Suppressed edges are colored blue by default.
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Non-manifold Edges A non-manifold edge is owned by three or more surfaces. Non-manifold edges are colored yellow by default.

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How to Decide the Element Type

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Rules for modeling holes and fillets

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Basics of Finite Element Analysis

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3-D Element types

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Preliminary steps to be followed

Import the geometry Geometry cleanup Check for symmetry Split the geometry Identify the critical features Assign collector Mesh Check for equivalence Check elements
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Symmetry

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