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What is Virtualization?
History
Virtual Machine
Traditional Architecture
Virtual Architecture
Benefits of Virtualization
Virtual Center
Types of Virtualization
Hosted
Bare Metal
VMM
APP
APP
Host OS
VMM
VMware player Sun VirtualBox VMware workstation QEMU Microsoft virtual PC KVM
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Hosted
Virtualization installs like
application rather than like OS overhead
Bare Metal
Better performance with lower
Highly efficient direct I/O passthrough architecture for network and disk
Running a VM
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Emulation
Pro: simple
Con: slow Instead of emulation, it would be more efficient to run the VM directly on
the host CPU.
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Guest OS
OS
Ring 0
VMM
The problem: the guest OS runs in ring 1, while some privileged instructions need to run in ring 0.
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Run the VM directly on the host CPU. Trap and emulate sensitive instructions.
Pros: Efficient
Cons: Harder to implement Need hardware support - not all sensitive instructions cause a trap
when executed in a non-privileged mode.
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Binary Translation
Run the VM directly on the host CPU. The VMM takes a block of binary instructions that are about to be
executed and dynamically translates it into safe instructions.
Translation: Most of the instructions translate identically. Sensitive instructions are translated into safe ones.
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Paravirtualization
Pros: Efficient No need for hardware support Cons: Need a modified version of the guest OS, that is aware to the fact that
it runs on a VM.
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Running a VM - Summary
Emulation and binary translation: No need for modification of HW or guest OS. Emulation slow, binary translation more efficient.
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I/O Virtualization
Types of I/O: Block (hard disk) Network User input: keyboard, mouse Sound Video Most performance critical: Block Network
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vNICs
Hypervisor
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Pros:
Unmodified guest (guest already has drivers for Intel NICs). Slow every access to every NIC register causes a VM exit (trap to
hypervisor). Hypervisor needs to emulate complex hardware.
Cons:
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Add virtual NIC driver into guest (frontend). Implement the virtual NIC in the hypervisor
(backend).
vNICs
Hypervisor
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Paravirtual protocol: Instead of writing to registers, guest calls the hypervisor, passes it start
address and length as arguments Hypervisor knows what it should do
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vNICs
Hypervisor
pNICs
Cons:
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pNIC
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Pros: As fast as possible Need only one NIC (as opposed to direct assignment)
Cons: Few hypervisors fully support it Expensive Requires new hardware Cannot encapsulate guest packets, monitor or modify them at the
hypervisor level.
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Live Migration
1 1
POWER SUPPLY
2
OVER TEMP INTER LOCK
2
POWER SUPPLY
5
PLAYER
HP ProLiant DL380G6
1 1
POWER SUPPLY
2
OVER TEMP INTER LOCK
2
POWER SUPPLY
5
PLAYER
HP ProLiant DL380G6
POWER CAP
1A 3G 5E 7C 9i
DIMMS 9i 7C 5E 3G 1A
POWER CAP
1A 3G 5E 7C 9i
DIMMS 9i 7C 5E 3G 1A
2
2D 4B 6H 8F 8F 6H 4B 2D
6
2D 4B 6H 8F 8F 6H 4B 2D
2
1
PROC
ONLINE SPARE MIRROR
1
PROC
2
PROC
2
PROC
FANS
FANS
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1 1
POWER SUPPLY
2
OVER TEMP INTER LOCK
2
POWER SUPPLY
5
PLAYER
HP ProLiant DL380G6
1
POWER SUPPLY
1 2
POWER SUPPLY
2
OVER TEMP INTER LOCK
5
PLAYER
HP ProLiant DL380G6
POWER CAP
1A 3G 5E 7C 9i
DIMMS 9i 7C 5E 3G 1A
POWER CAP
1A 3G 5E 7C 9i
DIMMS 9i 7C 5E 3G 1A
2
2D 4B 6H 8F 8F 6H 4B 2D
6
2D 4B 6H 8F 8F 6H 4B 2D
ONLINE SPARE MIRROR
2
1
PROC
1
PROC
2
PROC
2
PROC
FANS
FANS
Heavy Load
1 1
POWER SUPPLY
2
OVER TEMP INTER LOCK
2
POWER SUPPLY
5
PLAYER
HP ProLiant DL380G6
1 1
POWER SUPPLY
2
OVER TEMP INTER LOCK
2
POWER SUPPLY
5
PLAYER
HP ProLiant DL380G6
POWER CAP
1A 3G 5E 7C 9i
DIMMS 9i 7C 5E 3G 1A
POWER CAP
1A 3G 5E 7C 9i
DIMMS 9i 7C 5E 3G 1A
2 2 6
2D 4B 6H 8F 8F 6H 4B 2D
1
2D 4B 6H 8F 8F 6H 4B 2D
2
PROC
1
PROC
2
PROC
PROC
FANS
1 6
FANS
Lighter Load
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PLAYER PLAYER
1 1
POWER SUPPLY
2
OVER TEMP INTER LOCK
2
POWER SUPPLY
5
PLAYER
HP ProLiant DL380G6
POWER POWER POWER POWER SUPPLY SUPPLY SUPPLY SUPPLY POWER CAP POWER CAP
POWER CAP
1A 3G 5E 7C 9i
DIMMS 9i 7C 5E 3G 1A
22
2D 4B 6H 8F 2D 4B 6H 8F 8F 6H 4B 2D 8F 6H 4B 2D
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2D 4B 6H 8F 8F 6H 4B 2D
2
1
PROC
ONLINE SPARE MIRROR
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PROC PROC
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PROC PROC
2
PROC
FANS FANS
11
22
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55
66
33
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FANS
44
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1 1
POWER SUPPLY
2
OVER TEMP INTER LOCK
2
POWER SUPPLY
5
PLAYER
HP ProLiant DL380G6
POWER CAP
PWR
APPs
1 1
POWER SUPPLY
2
OVER TEMP INTER LOCK
2
POWER SUPPLY
5
PLAYER
HP ProLiant DL380G6
1A 3G 5E 7C 9i
DIMMS 9i 7C 5E 3G 1A
POWER CAP
1A 3G 5E 7C 9i
DIMMS 9i 7C 5E 3G 1A
2
2D 4B 6H 8F 8F 6H 4B 2D
6
2D 4B 6H 8F 8F 6H 4B 2D
2
1
PROC
ONLINE SPARE MIRROR
1
PROC
2
PROC
2
PROC
FANS
FANS
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Live Migration
1 1
POWER SUPPLY
2
OVER TEMP INTER LOCK
2
POWER SUPPLY
5
PLAYER
HP ProLiant DL380G6
1 1
POWER SUPPLY
2
OVER TEMP INTER LOCK
2
POWER SUPPLY
5
PLAYER
HP ProLiant DL380G6
POWER CAP
1A 3G 5E 7C 9i
DIMMS 9i 7C 5E 3G 1A
POWER CAP
1A 3G 5E 7C 9i
DIMMS 9i 7C 5E 3G 1A
2
2D 4B 6H 8F 8F 6H 4B 2D
6
2D 4B 6H 8F 8F 6H 4B 2D
2
1
PROC
ONLINE SPARE MIRROR
1
PROC
2
PROC
2
PROC
FANS
FANS
State
Continue until n is small enough 2 (depends on the desired downtime)
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HW/SW Separation
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Cloud Computing
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Cloud Computing
Internal Cloud
The user should focus on the Application All the rest is taken care of by the Cloud Provider
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Types of Clouds
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SaaS
The cloud provider provides a SW that is available for use over the
internet.
The user only pays for usage rather than buy the SW.
The user does not have to worry about installation, upgrades, and the
infrastructure needed for the SW.
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IaaS
The cloud provider provides the user a computer with CPU, memory,
storage, network, etc. that is available for use through the internet.
The user pays for the CPU cycles and network usage.
The user does not have to buy the HW and provide the space, electricity
maintenance, etc.
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PaaS
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Tap into external computing power quickly, as needed Accessible using standard internet protocols
Eco-friendly
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