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TOPIC 10
DEFINITION
LEADERSHIP Influencing, motivating and enabling others to contribute towards the effectiveness and success of the organizations of which they are members. SHARED LEADERSHIP The view that the leadership is broadly distributed rather than assigned to one person, such that people within the team and organization lead each other.
PERSPECTIVE OF LEADERSHIP
Knowledge Of Business
Showing mutual trust and respect for subordinate demonstrating a genuine concern for their needs and having a desired to look for their welfare Example: Leaders listen to employee suggestion, do personal favor for employee, support their interest when required etc.
1. Task-oriented
Behavior that define and structure work roles. Establish stretch goals and challenge employee beyond high standard. Example: Leaders assign employees specific task, clarify work duties and procedure, ensures employees follow company rules and push to reach their performance capacity.
leadership style depends on the situation Assume that effective leaders must be both insightful and flexible.
theory of motivation that relates several leadership styles to specific employee and situational contingencies.
DIRECTIVE
provide a psychological structure for subordinates. Includes judicious use of reward and disciplinary actions.
2.
SUPPORTIVE
Provide psychological support for subordinates. Reflects the benefits of social support to help employees cope with stressful situations.
Cont
3. PARTICIPATIVE
decision beyond their normal work activities. 4.
Encourage and facilitate subordinates involvement in
ACHIEVEMENT ORIENTED
Encourage employees to reach their peak performance. E.g. Continuously seeks improvement in employee
performance.
two sets of situational variable that moderate the relationship between a leaders style and effectiveness: Employee characteristics Characteristics of the employees work environment
Four contingencies
Skill and experience Locus of control Task structure Team dynamics
Fiedlers
Leadership Model (Hersey/Blanchard) Effective leaders vary style with follower readiness Leader styles telling, selling, participating, and delegating
Contingency Model
Leadership style is stable --based on personality Best style depends on situational control -leader-member relations, task structure, position power
leaders change teams or organization by creating, communicating and modeling a vision for the organization or work unit and inspiring employees to strive the vision
Transactional Leadership
- Leadership that help the organization achieve their current objectives more efficient, such as linking job performances to valued rewards and make sure the employees have
- Leaders to
shape a strategic vision of realistic and attractive future that bonds employees together and focuses their energy towards a super ordinate organizational goal.
Communicating the Vision
The substances of transformational leadership, then communicating that vision is the process. The vision can bring through symbols, metaphors, stories and others.
-
- walk the walk by stepping outside the executive suite and doing things that symbolize the vision. - also reliable and persistent in their actions, thereby legitimizing the vision and providing further evidence that they can be trusted.
Building Commitments.
- Transforming vision into reality requires employee commitment. - Leaders demonstrate a can do by enacting their behavior. - Leaders builds commitment by involves in process shaping organization vision.
higher affective organizational commitment under transformational leaders. - Performs their jobs better, engage in more organizational citizenship behaviors, and make better or more creative decisions. - currently the most popular leadership perspectives but it faces numbers challenges. - writers engage in cir cular logic by defining transformational leadership in
hypothesizing that perceptual processes cause people to inflate the importance of leadership as the cause of organizational events.
Stereotyping Leadership Everyone have preconceived notions about the features and behaviors of an effective leader.
Develop through socialization within the family and
society.
expectations and acceptance of people as a leaders, which affect ability to influence us as followers.
Attributing Leadership
Implicit leadership are influence by attribution
errors.
People tend to attribute org events to the
leader, even factors beyond the leaders control. ei: Leaders are given credit or blame for the company success or failure.
Leader reinforce this belief by taking credit for
org success.
the life events. Ei: if the company having failures, we tend to simplify this situation by noting that the president of the company was inneffective.
Continue..
2nd,there is a strong tendency that people
believe that event are generate more from people than uncontrollable natural forces.
This illusion of control is satisfied by believing
affect leaders decision and action Also shape the expectations that followers have of their leaders Example: in Afrika, Ubuntu tribe value shape the preferred leadership behaviors and style Leaders who act inconsistently with cultural expectation will be an ineffective leader
visionary is characteristic of effective leaders. Its include visionary, inspirational, integrity, and decisiveness.
Women are more relationship-oriented, cooperative, nurturing and emotional in their leadership roles. Women to be more egalitarian and less statusoriented.