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Sports Science

Sport Biomechanics

Topics
** Introduction & Review Level I
1. Principle: Impulse-The Straight and Strong 2. Principle: Direction of Force Application 3. Principle: Total Force 4. Principle: Stability

What is BIOMECHANICS?
Mechanics = Motion
The study of the action of force on particles and mechanical system; a branch of physics

System
An object or group of interacting objects

Bio Prefix for life or living organism

Biomechanics
Application of the principles of mechanics to the study of living organisms (e.g; the human body & its parts)

Biomechanics
Bmc uses the principles of mechanics for solving problems related to the structure and function of living organisms.

Mechanics

Structure

Function

The science concerned with the forces that act on the human body and the effects that these forces produce.

Forces
Push and Pull Effects to the body

Internal
Breathing, muscle contraction

External
Force cause and effects motion

The science concerned with the forces that act on the human body and the effects that these forces produce.

The Human Body


Anthropometrics Factors

Mass

Size

Shape

Height

Weight

The science concerned with the forces that act on the human body and the effects that these forces produce.

The Effects of Motion


Linear Angular
Equilibrium Projectile

Review Level I Analisis Kemahiran Kajian mengenai pergerakan pergerakan individu semasa melakukan sesuatu kemahiran Sukan

Review Level I
Analisis Kemahiran : Kajian mengenai pergerakan individu/atlet semasa melakukan sesuatu kemahiran Sukan

COACH!!!!
Help athletes achieve the quality or efficiency of movement for success
Must be able to carry out Technical Analysis

TA concerns itself with the manner individual by movement are executed Must know what good like & what mechanical principles underpin movement efficiency. Level 1: summation of force & utilization of joints in correct order

1. KEMAHIRAN MENGAJAR
KEMAHIRAN TERTUTUP Dilakukan di bawah persekitaran yang tetap, stabil dan tidak berubah.
KEMAHIRAN TERBUKA

Dilakukan dalam suasana yang boleh berubah-ubah dan hasil akhirnya sukar diramal

Prinsip Percantuman Daya


Apabila sesuatu kemahiran itu menggunakan beberapa segmen anggota badan untuk melakukan sesuatu sekuen pergerakan bagi menghasilkan halaju (daya) yang optimum, maka setiap segmen dalam sekuen itu hendaklah digerakkan pada ketika segmen yang sebelumnya mula memperlahankan pergerakan

Prinsip Percantuman Daya


Pergerakan bermula dengan kumpulan otototot besar di ikuti kumpulan otot-otot yang beransur kecil Pergerakan berlaku dalam turutan sempurna 2 persoalan bila perhati atlet melakukan kemahiran;
Adakah mereka memasukkan setiap pergerakan segmen dengan baik? Adakah sendi digunakan dalam turutan yang betul tanpa tersekat-sekat?

Prinsip Penggunaan Sendi


Sendi-sendi hendaklah digunakan dalam turutan atau sekuen yang sempurna Sendi-sendi yang mempunyai otot-otot besar dan lebih hampir pada badan hendaklah digunakan dahulu dan dituruti dengan sendi-sendi yang mempunyai otot-otot kecil dan diakhiri oleh sendi-sendi di penghujung anggota The important things to remember is that every joint must be used to get the most speed, power or acceleration out of the movement.

Sports Science Level II


Topics: 1. Principle: Impulse-The Straight and Strong 2. Principle: DirectionI of IMPULSE Principle : Force Application 3. Principle: Total Force The straight and Strong 4. Principle: Stability

Principle 1: The Straight and Strong


Objectives; The coach would know the concept of impulse The coach would know the principle: the straight and strong and able to apply the principle when analysing skill

Impulse
The combination of force and time is called impulse. Muscle can be used at different level of strength Joint can move different parts of total range of motion (flexibility) This means that when athletes perform skills they can vary the amount of strength & flexibility they use.

Impulse
Perform skill: strength & flexibility used depends on situation If the purpose of the skills is to produce as much force/fast speed as possible:- strength & flexibility must be used to their maximum. This will produce greatest force for the longest possible time

Impulse

F = ma (v - v1) F = m -----------t Ft = (mv)2 (mv)1 Ft = m

Key-work: STRAIGHT
Start with bent positions in preliminary movements & move straight position at the hit/release/take-off Examples: Tennis serve, Bowling, Soccer kick, High Jump, Shot Put, etc.

Key-work: STRONG
Use all joints in the correct order without gaps or breaks Examples: Tennis serve, Bowling, Soccer kick, High Jump, Shot Put

The Straight & Strong Principles


(Examples & Application)

Bowl Example: The arms are initially bent while holding the ball (bowl) but extended at the release Here the force of contraction of the muscle is related to the length or speed the ball (bowl) must travel

The Straight & Strong Principles


(Examples & Application)

Football Example: Punt The step into the kick leaves the kicking leg stretched far back The leg then brought forward and straightened completely at the hit The leg muscles that brings the leg forward & straighten it are contracted maximally

The Straight & Strong Principles


(Examples & Application)

High Jump: Take off The push-off leg is bent at the hip, knee & ankle to prepare for the full straightening of the leg at take-off The leg straightening muscles contract maximally and in order from hip to ankle

The Straight & Strong Principles


(Examples & Application)

Shot Put The elbow completely bent during the preliminary stance, and Is completely straightened at the release The muscles that straighten the elbow contract maximally

The Straight & Strong Principles


(Examples & Application)

Tennis Serve The racquet is brought back behind the back in a backscratch position Then the arm is completely straightened at the hit The muscles that straighten the elbow & bring the arm forward contract maximally

COMMON FAULTS
3 common faults violations of the move straight & strong principles Incomplete bending during preliminary movements, lack of flexibility
Incomplete straightening; missed timing, starting straightening too soon/early Not enough strength employed

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