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Enzymes
Most, but not all end in the suffix ase
changed in any way although they can eventually wear out Can perform either catabolic (destructive) reactions. eg. 1 substrate = 2 products Can perform either anabolic (constructive) reactions. eg. 2 substrate = 1 products
start a reaction in the body Are very specific, each individual type of substrate is acted upon by a specific enzyme Generally names are based on the specific substrate (eg lipids acted upon by lipase)
Enzyme Structure
Enzymes have an active site and a regulatory region The active site is where substrate binds to the enzyme The regulatory region is where cofactors coenzymes or enzyme
Active site
Regulatory region
Enzyme inhibitor
or non-competitive A competitive inhibitor blocks the substrate from entering the active site A non-competitive inhibitor binds to the regulatory region, thereby changing the shape of the active site Other enzymes will not work unless a particular cofactor occupies the regulatory region
particular substrate
Most biological enzymes operate at a neutral pH range of 6-8 If enzymes are at a pH outside their optimum range, their shape will change and they will be less efficient.
Enzyme Cells Location Opt. pH 7.6 Blood 7.4 Small Intestine 8.0 Stomach 2.0 Carbonic Anhydrase Trypsin Pepsin
Effect of temperature