FTTP PON - The Critical Components and Their Impact on the Development of International Standards By

Dr. Andre Girard Co-Chair of TIA FO-4.3 Presented at FO-4.3.1 and FO-4.3

2004

All Rights Reserved

Connector Types

2004

All Rights Reserved

FTTP PON - The Critical Components

ONT
ATM Protocol/TDMA OLT Tx
1490nm

WWDM Coupler

Cable Optical Fiber

1310nm

Rx
Video

Splitter

Tx
1550nm

Optical Amplifier

Rx 1490nm Rx 1310nm Tx
3

1550nm

2004

All Rights Reserved

PON Passive Optical Components

Splitter and Wide WDM Coupler
Broad operating wavelength range
1310-nm; 1260-1360 nm upstream region 1490-nm; 1480-1510 nm downstream region 1550-nm; 1550-1560 nm downstream region
WWDM Coupler
1490 nm 1550 nm 1310 nm

Bidirectional transmissions

Splitter

Low insertion loss and high uniformity

Splitter very lossy at high port count

Small packaging High reliability Support network survivability and protection policy
2004 All Rights Reserved 4

PON Passive Optical Components

Classes of WDM Components
Based on channel spacing

ITU-T (Rec. G.671)/IEC (62074-1)

Wide WDM

50 nm
<50 nm 1000 GHz

Coarse WDM
Dense WDM

IEC = International Electrotechnical Commission ITU-T = International Telecommunication Union-Telecommunication Standardization Sector Rec. G.671 Transmission characteristics of optical components and subsystems IEC 62074-1: Fibre optic WDM devicesPart 1: Generic specification
2004 All Rights Reserved 5

Passive Optical Components

Technology Breakdown
WWDM Coupler
1490 nm

Thin Films Gratings

1550 nm 1310 nm

Bulk Optical
Fiber Bragg Fiber-Based Fused Biconic Taper coupler Waveguides/PLC
Splitter

2004

All Rights Reserved

Passive Component Technologies

Thin-Film Filters (TFF)
Reflected Spectrum
Band Reject

Transmitted Spectrum
Specific Wavelength/Band Bandpass shape

Incident Spectrum

Dielectric Coatings
Wavelength Selective

Substrate Material

2004

All Rights Reserved

Thin Film Filters

3-Port WWDM Coupler
Typical 3-Port Device
IN EXPRESS OUT

1550 nm

Possible 3-Port PON Device

< 1.0 dB

1310 nm

ONT
< 1.0 dB

OLT
1490 nm
2004 All Rights Reserved 8

Passive Component Technologies

Bulk Diffraction Gratings
Possible PON WWDM Coupler ONT
Short Wavelengths Reflected Light 1310 nm

Long Wavelengths Incident Light 1550 nm

1490 nm

OLT
2004 All Rights Reserved 9

Passive Component Technologies

Fiber Bragg Gratings

P Input Spectrum l P Reflected Spectrum

P Output Spectrum

lBragg

2004

All Rights Reserved

10

Passive Component Technologies

Fiber Bragg Gratings Possible PON WWDM Coupler
Wide WDM Coupler
In Out Out (Pass Port)

13
Drop Reflect Port

lBragg
FBG

3 Optical 2 1 Circulator
Add

2004

All Rights Reserved

11

Passive Component Technologies

PON WWDM Coupler Technology comparison
Technology TFF Advantages Drawbacks
Lossy Connections

Known for years Low cost Reflective or transmissive Known for years Very low loss Tuneability Fiber-based Tuneability

BDG

Only reflective Connections Polarization sensitive Very lossy in transmission Complex design Dispersion sensitive

FBG

2004

All Rights Reserved

12

PON Passive Optical Components

Splitter Technology
Fused Biconic Taper (FBT) Fiber Input 2
Fused Biconic Taper

Output

b = kn
3 1

2004

All Rights Reserved

13

PON Passive Optical Components

Splitter Technology
Planar Waveguide
Core Cladding Si Substrate Mask Core Cladding Si Substrate Etching Core Cladding Si Substrate

PLC = Planar Lightwave Circuit

Optical circuit on a silicon wafer Made using tools and techniques Based on semiconductor industry

Cladding Core Cladding Si Substrate

2004

All Rights Reserved

14

Passive Component Technologies

PON Splitter Technology comparison
Technology FBTF Advantages Drawbacks
Lossy Connections

Known for years Low cost Reflective or transmissive Known for years Very low loss Tuneability Fiber-based Tuneability

PLC

Only reflective Connections Polarization sensitive Very lossy in transmission Complex design Dispersion sensitive

2004

All Rights Reserved

15

Passive Component Technologies

PON Splitter - Performances

2004

All Rights Reserved

16

International Standards
Passive Optical Components - Incomplete
ITU-T SG15 Recommendations
G.671 Transmission characteristics of optical components and subsystems

IEC SC86B on Passive Components

61753-082-2: Fibre optic interconnecting devices and passive components performance standardPart 082-2: Non connectorized single mode fibre optic pigtailed 1.31/1.55 mm WDM devices for category C Controlled environment
62074-1: Fibre optic WDM devicesPart 1: Generic specification 61300-3-7: Basic test and measurement proceduresPart 3-7: Examinations and measurements - Wavelength dependence of attenuation and return loss

Telcordia
GR-1209 Generic Requirements for Fiber Optic Branching Components

GR-1221 Generic Reliability Assurance Requirements for Fiber Optic Branching Components
2004 All Rights Reserved 17

International Standards
Wavelength-selective branching device
IEC 62074-1 and ITU-T G.671
Attenuation (Transfer Coefficients)
Operating Wavelength Range Insertion Loss/Deviation
Splitter

Return Loss (band dependence)

Chromatic Dispersion (Group Delay)

PDL, PDCW, PDBW, PDI Isolation Wavelength/Range Isolation (Adjacent/Non-Adjacent Channel) Maximum Isolation (Adjacent Channel)
PDL = Polarization Dependent Loss PDCW = Polarization Dependent Center Wavelength PDBW = Polarization Dependent Bandwidth PDI = Polarization Dependent Isolation

X dB-Bandwidth
Ripple Channel Non-Uniformity
1490 nm 1550 nm 1310 nm
18

Free Spectral Range (FSR) WWDM Coupler Directivity

Channel Response Time

2004 All Rights Reserved

Spectral Characterization
The Measurement Methods

Broadband Source (BBS) - OSA

BBS

DUT

1xN Switch

OSA
Wavemeter

BBS - Interferometer-based OSA (Wavemeter) Tunable Laser Source (TLS) - OSA TLS Fixed set of wavelengths - Optical Power Meter (OPM)
1470 nm

OSA

OPM

DUT

TLS OPM TLS Swept TLS - OPM

1490 nm
1510 nm 1550 nm 1570 nm 1590 nm 1530 nm Switch or Coupler

OPM

2004

All Rights Reserved

19

1610 nm

OPM

DUT