DESIGNING AND DEVELOPING PROJECTS (PART.

I)
Through Logical Frame-work Approach (LFA)

GENERAL OBJECTIVE

To improve our skills in designing and developing projects for our NGOs

ESPECIPHIC OBJECTIVE(S)

To introduce the basic steps of the Logical Framework Approach (LFA) for:
Understanding our environment and the elements involved with our work Finding Problems/Issues/Conflicts and the best way they can be addressed with our capacities (Strategy). Helping us (and others) clearly identify the Objectives, Justifications and Beneficiaries of our projects/solutions. Evaluating our progress and correcting our mistakes

STAGES OF A PROJECT
1. Identification

2. Feasibility Study
3. Project Design 4. Detailed Planification 5. Development / Follow Up 6. Project Revision 7. Evaluation

WHERE ARE WE STANDING (CRITERIA)?

Who are us? (Individuals, Collectives, NGOs, Institutions, etc.) What (and why) are we doing here (background, responsabilities, interests, expectations)? What is my/our availability (time, initial resources, skills)

UNDERSTANDING OUR ENVIRONMENT

Finding the Stakeholders (Participants)

Which (group of interest) are related to the situation we want to engage?

What are their problems, interests (or needs) and points of view.

How do they relate to each other?

What is their potential in a foreseeable future (both Positive, Negative)

Which group needs support?

Which interests and points of view are we going to prioritize?

UNDERSTANDING OUR ENVIRONMENT

Identifying the problem we want to address

State only the existing problems (no the future/possible ones). A problem is a negative state not the lack of something. (i.e. The education is deficient) Identify the main problems (observation and brainstorm) Select a Focal problem

THE TWO TREES

Problems
Focal Problem
The young population is migrating

Objectives
There is a reduction in the rate of migration among the young people

Effects
There are poor job opportunities after school There is a lack of social services and leisure spaces

There are enough social and leisure services

The young population is finding a job after finishing their studies

Causes
There is no equipment in the education centers

The young population is not educated enough to access the job opportunities

The is very few available budget in the public institutions

The young population is well educated and trained

High education is not accessible

The teachers are not prepared

The education centers are well equipped

There is available access to good education

The teachers are well prepared and updated

CHOOSING A STRATEGY (WHAT ARE OUR OPTIONS?)

Which options do we have in order to transform each part of the problems tree into the objectives tree? Can we organize this options by areas (i.e. Budget, Training, Counseling, Art and Culture, etc.)? In which of this areas we have the best chance of success according to our criteria?

DESIGNING OUR PROJECT

The Project Matrix

The PM will be the result of our planification process. It will be a useful reference during the implementation and evaluation of our project. Keeps the objectives, strategies and tasks visible.

DESIGNING OUR PROJECT

The matrix is a double-entry chart with four columns and four lines.
The columns are (left to right): 1) Logic of intervention. 2) Indicators; 3) Sources of verification. (Methods and sources to be used while analyzing the Indicators); 4) Hypothesis and external factors. (Out of our control, stated in a positive way) The lines are (Top to down) General Objective (GO) Especiphic Objective (EO) Results (Clear and visible facts enough to reach the EO, it is possible to reach them through the project activities) Activities and inputs. (Tasks that the people working in the project will have to do.)

THE PROJECT MATRIX

Logic of Intervention Indicators Sources of (Direct/Indire verification ct/Behavior/E (External) nvironment/e tc.)
(How are we going to objectively measure our advance?) (How are we going to objectively measure our advance?) (How are we going to objectively measure our advance?) From which sources we can validate our indicators?
From which sources we can validate our indicators (beneficiary related)? From which sources we can validate our indicators (evaluation activities)? Which external conditions will allow our results reflect in the achievement of the objective? On which external factors we depend to achieve this results?

Hypothesis /External Factors

General Objective

(From the focal problem)

Especiphic Objective

(Time + Beneficiaries)

Results

R.1,R.2,R.3, Etc

ActivitiesInputs

R.1, R.2, R.3, Etc (stated as process)

(Inputs and needed resources)

Costs

Which preconditions have to be met in order to start the project?

HOW TO READ THE PM?

Global Objective Especiphic Objective External Factors External Factors External Factors Pre-existing conditions

IF THE INPUTS ARE AVAILABLE, THEN, THE ACTIVITIES WILL BE DONE.

IF THE ACTIVITIES ARE DONE,

THEN THE RESULTS WILL BE PRODUCED.

Results

IF THE RESULTS ARE PRODUCED, THEN THE

ESPECIPHIC OBJECTIVE WILL BE MET.

Activities

Available Resources

IF THE ESPECIPHIC OBJECTIVE IS MET, THEN IT

WILL CONTRIBUTE TO THE GENERAL OBJECTIVE.

THANK YOU!
End of the Planification Stage Contact: Luis F. Perez Torner pereztorner@gmail.com Mob. 8601756488