By Ayush Garg And Saurabh Tyagi

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Primary Memory Secondary Memory Summary Questions & Answers Thank You

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Only one directly accessible to the CPU. Used to hold the temporarily data during the execution. Other names are Main Memory or Internal Memory Types of Primary memory
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RAM Random Access Memory ROM Read Only Memory PROM/EPROM - Programmable ROM

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It has a Limited Capacity Information is retained only when it is Actively Rehearsed.

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1. Secondary Memory also known as EXTERNAL MEMORY or AUXILIARY MEMORY. 2. Often formatted according to a File Systems Format.

3. Provide abstraction necessary to organize data into files and directories.

4. Also Providing Additional Information METADATA describing the owner of the certain file.

 Allows

Stored Data to Be Accessed Quickly In Any Random Order It Has Taken The Form Of Integrated Circuits It is Associated With Volatile Types Of Memory Where The Stored Data Is LOST If The Power Is REMOVED Any Location In The Device Can Be Selected At Random, Access To The Information Stored Is DIRECT

 A Class Of Data Storage Device It Reads the Data In Sequence Very Much In Contrast With RAM (where Data Can Be Accessed In Any Order) They Are Usually A Form Of Magnetic Devices Access Can STILL Be Made To Arbitrary Locations Typically Used For Secondary Storage It Has High Density And Cost As Compared To RAM As Well As Resistance to Wear and Non-Volatility EXAMPLE Hard Disks, CD- ROMS And Magnetic Tapes

 HARD DISKS PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENTS OPTICAL DISKS SPECIALISED MEDIA

FLOPPY DISKS

 Portable And Removable

Flat Circular Mylar Media Magnetic Charge on Metal Oxide Film Coating Standard 2 HD 1.44 MB

Parts
Tracks Sectors

 Floppy disk cartridges

Zip Disks 250 MB Super Disks 120 MB

HiFD disks
200 MB

 Metallic disks
Fast retrieval, greater capacity Read/write heads ride cushion of air .000001

thick
Three types

Internal hard disk Hard-disk cartridge Hard-disk pack

 Inside system unit Non-removable or portable

Great capacity
Over 100 Gigabytes Fast access speed

 Portable, removable Complement internal

hard drive
JAZ from Iomega

SPARQ from

SyQuest
PC Card Hard Disks

Laptop computers

 Used in mainframes Removable Resemble stack of vinyl

records
Multiple read/write heads
Massive storage capacity Fast access time

 Improving performance of hard disks

Disk caching
Redundant Arrays of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)

File compression and decompression

 Very large capacity Up to 17 gigabytes Use reflected light

projected by a laser Lands and Pits represent 1s and 0s Formats Compact Disk (CD) Digital Versatile Disk (DVD) Data Play

 Widely used format today Can store from 650 MB to 1

GB Rotational speed = data transfer time Types of CDs CD-ROM CD-R CD-RW

 Digital Versatile Disk

Rapidly replacing CDs Higher capacity 17 times the capacity

of a CD

 DVD types
DVD-ROM Read only memory

DVD-R
Recordable DVD-RAM or DVD-RW

Competing rewritable formats

 Optical write-once format

Similar to CD-R
Size of a quarter Used for special

applications
Storing digital

photographs
Storing music for

portable players

 Sequential access
Commonly used for backing-up data Very large capacity Types of magnetic tape Tape cartridges Magnetic tape reels

 Tape cartridges
Backup tape for microcomputer Capacities range from 120 MB to 5 GB

Digital audio tape (DAT)

Tape reels Minicomputer and mainframe

1/2 inch wide and 1/2 mile long

Stores 1600 to 6400 cpi

 Internet hard drive

Free or low-cost storage on the Web

Access information from any location Access time is greater Solid-state storage No moving parts Flash memory cards

 Blue laser light optical

devices Aimed more accurately Can increase storage capacity to 27 GB per standard optical disk New players will likely play both