DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

BY PRAJESH KUMAR HEGDE 1DS08ME060 8TH SEM,B SECTION 05 MARCH 2012

CONTENTS
Introduction

Solar power tower

Process description Major components

Different types of fluid used in power plants

Advantages Disadvantages

Conclusion
Reference
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INTRODUCTION
DEPLETING FOSSIL FUELS

GREEN HOUSE EFEECT

ELECTRICITY IS SECONDARY ENERGY

SOLAR POWER TOWER

PROCESS DESCRIPTION

RANKINE CYCLE

MAJOR COMPONENTS
Heliostats
Central receiver Molten salt Storage tank Steam generator & Turbine

HELIOSTATS
Track the sun movement by the Clockwork mechanism.

Sun reached an elevation of approx.10 above the horizon

20% of heliostat field focused on the receiver to preheat the tubes. Reflect surfaces like iron glass or mirrors. Area is approx. 39.1 m2 Reflectivity is 0.903

CENTRAL RECEIVER

Cold fluid is supplied to the receiver cavity. From concentrated solar radiation, temperature of the

fluid increases up to 1000C. This fluid may supplied directly to steam generator or storage tank.
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MOLTEN SALT
Better heat carrying capacity then Water, Air

and Carbon dioxide. Mixture consists of 60% of Sodium nitrate and 40% of potassium nitrate. Anti freeze salt high freezing point of 220C Non flammable and non toxic. Heat maximum heat carrying capacity of 560C.
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STORAGE TANK

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COOL DOWN OF HOT STORAGE TANK

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STEAM TURBINE GENERATOR

Molten salt transfer from hot storage tank to

steam generator system through multistage centrifugal pump. Pump is made up of stainless steel. Using of heat exchanger concept, molten salt heat is extracted by water. Steam generated is supply to steam turbine to generate power.
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DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLUID USED IN POWER TOWER:

Solar hybrid combined cycle Salt

Carbon dioxide
Particle Combined cycle

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TYPES OF SOLAR POWER TOWER

SOLAR ONE
SOLAR TWO PLANT SOLAR 10 PLANT SOLAR 20
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SOLAR ONE
Constructed in 1982 and operated till 1986.

The heliostat field consisted of 1818 heliostats of 39.3m2 reflective area each.
water was converted to steam in the receiver .

The project met most of its technical objectives by demonstrating : (1) The feasibility of generating power with a power tower. (2) The ability to generate 10 MW for eight hours a day during summer and four hours a day during winter.
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SOLAR TWO
Technical obstacles of Solar one: Intermittent operation of the turbine due to cloud transience and lack of effective thermal storage. Daily power generation routine started in 1997. This consists of series of panels and each made up of 32 thin walled stainless steel pipes. Absorbs 95% of incident sunlight from heliostats. 875,000m2 storage capacity of hot and cold molten salt storage tanks. Thermal capacity of system is 110kwh.
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ADVANTAGES
Renewable energy.

Heat storage during cloudy and over night

condition. Lower cost of producing electricity Ease of implementation. Positive environmental impact. Conservation of fossil fuels. Saving money on long term basis.
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DISADVANTAGES
Large land requirement.
Daily maintenance . Technology is very expensive.

Initial Financing problem.

Requirement of excess of water.

Requires more foundations to place the

heliostats.
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CONCLUSION
Solar power plays an important in the worlds

power demands. Cost reduction of producing solar thermal energy could make this the most viable type of available energy.

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REFRENCE
Renewable energy by Xiudong Wei, Zhenwu Lu

Advance in parabolic trough solar power technology by hank price, David Kearney
Development of molten salt heat transfer fluid with

low melting point and high thermal stability" by Justin.W.Raade and David Padowitz Analysis of solar-thermal power plants with thermal energy storage and solar-hybrid operation strategy by Stefano Giuliano,Reiner Buck,Santiago Eguiguren.

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THANK YOU

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