Prototyping

Abhishek Singh(003) Balakrishnan V(010) Akshay Gadpayle(017) Jayshree Lanjekar(024) Megha Jain(031) Priyanka Siddharth(038) Shashank Shekhar(045) Sudhanshu Shukla(052) Zeeshan Hassan(059)

Definition
Strategy for efficiently dealing with things that are hard to predict Developing a model to acquire feedback from users about what the design of the system should be Prototypes are similar to mock ups Provide user a feel of the original software It is an iterative phase It is part of analysis phase of SDLC

How to do prototyping
Steps: Storyboarding Paper prototypes

Types of prototypes

Concept prototype
Purpose: Analyzes the approach to be followed Characteristics: Gives a helicopter view, overall vision of the project under development When to be used: Concept definition stage

Feasilibilty prototype
Purpose: Determines feasibility of various solutions Characteristics: proof of concept for specific issues When to be used: Concept definition stage

Horizontal prototype
Purpose: Clarify scope and requirements Characteristics: Demonstrates outer layer of human When to be used: Function definition stage

Vertical prototype
Purpose: Refine database design, test key components early Characteristics: Demonstrates a working, though incomplete, system for key functions When to be used: Later portion of Function Definition Stage

Functional Storyboarding
Purpose: Determine useable sequences for presenting information Characteristics: Demonstrates the typical order in which information is presented When to be used: Function definition stage

Examples

Software Prototyping

Mobile Application UI
The idea is that if you swipe your finger from left to right, the chart scrolls. How do you simulate this, while not having to make a very complex protoype

Advantages
Reduces development time Reduces development costs Requires user involvement Developers receive quantifiable user feedback Facilitates system implementation since users know what to expect Results in higher user satisfaction Exposes developers to potential future system enhancements

Disadvantages
Can lead to insufficient analysis Users expect the performance of the ultimate system to be the same as the prototype Developers can become too attached to their prototypes Excessive development time of the prototype Sometimes leads to incomplete documentation Expense of implementing prototyping

Scenarios where prototyping should be used

Employed when it is very difficult to obtain exact requirements from the customer at the initial stage of system development Most effective in the development of online systems, real time processes, e.g. transaction processing Especially good for designing good human-machine interaction systems and heavy computer graphics applications Typically not used for :
Applications that involve control and process control functions Systems with little user interaction e.g. batch processing Calculation intensive systems

Digital Camera Prototype Kodak

PalmPilot Prototype

Mouse Prototypes - Microsoft

Prototyping Only for small things ?

Prototyping Only for working stuff?

Software Prototyping Wizard of OZ

Wizard of Oz Prototyping

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