HEAT EXCHANGERS

INTRODUCTION
Devices used to transfer heat between two or more fluid streams at different temperatures.
To transfer thermal energy (enthalpy) between
two or more fluids, between a solid surface and a fluid,

or between solid particulates and a fluid,

at different temperatures No external heat and work interactions

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INTRODUCTION
To recover or reject heat, or sterilize, pasteurize, fractionate, distill, concentrate, crystallize, or control a process fluid. Used in
Power generation,
Chemical processing, Electronics cooling, Air-conditioning, Refrigeration,

Automotive application etc.

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TYPES OF HEAT EXCHANGERS

Based on
Basic operation, Construction, Heat transfer, and flow arrangements.

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RECUPERATORS AND REGENERATORS The fluids are separated by a heat transfer surface Ideally they do not mix or leak

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RECUPERATORS AND REGENERATORS

The Regeneration which is preferable for large capacities The time between the reversals is an important aspect.
Heating and ventilation systems and recovery of heat from dryer exhaust air.

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RECUPERATORS AND REGENERATORS

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CLASSIFICATION
2.According to Construction,

Tubes,

Plates,
Extended Surfaces.

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CLASSIFICATION
Tubular Heat Exchangers
For liquid-to-liquid and liquid-to-phase change

For gas-to-liquid and gas-to-gas heat transfer applications.

Operating temperature and/ or pressure is very high. Fouling is a severe problem on at least one fluid side.
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CLASSIFICATION
Tubular Heat Exchangers
Shell-and tube,

Double-pipe, and
Spiral tube exchangers.

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Shell-and tube Heat Exchangers

Bundle of round tubes mounted in a cylindrical shell with the tube axis parallel to that of the shell. Three most common types Fixed tube sheet design, U-tube design, Floating-head type

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PARTS DESCRIPTIONS
1. Baffle Plate
A plate in which the tubes pass through for support Provides a blocked path for the shell side medium better the Heat Exchanger performance

2. Baffle Spacing
Space in-between the baffle plates on a tube bundle

3. Bolt Circle
Circular dimension line on which bolt holes are drilled
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PARTS DESCRIPTIONS
4.Bonnet Assembly
Directs the tube side medium for distribution through the tubes. Contain the tube side inlet connections and/or pass ribs. Does not have a removable cover. and outlet

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PARTS DESCRIPTIONS

BONNET (Integral cover)

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BONNET (Integral cover)

PARTS DESCRIPTIONS
5.Bundle Assembly
Consist of tubes, tube sheets, baffles, spacers, and tie rods.

6.Spacers
Holds the baffle plate in a permanent position. Ties the baffles and spacers together. 7.Tie Rods

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PARTS DESCRIPTIONS

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PARTS DESCRIPTIONS

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CONDENSERS

Two phase flow heat exchanger in which heat is rejected to a coolant.

Surface Condenser

Direct Contact Condenser

Tubular Air-Cooled

Plate Type

Pool

Spray

Tray

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CONDENSERS

1.TUBULAR :
Condensation takes place either inside or outside the tubes. Usually outside the tubes for easy access to the exhaust steam Normally Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers.

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CONDENSERS

2. AIR COOLED:
Condensation takes place inside the tubes. Suitable where there is a shortage of water Requires large ground area

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CONDENSERS
3. PLATE TYPE: i. Plate- and Frame (Below 25 bar, 250C) ii. Spiral Plate (Below 20 bar, 400C) iii. Plate Fin Used in low temperature plants. Pressure drop is hence high velocity
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high

DIRECT CONTACT CONDENSERS

1. POOL CONDENSERS:
Vapor is injected into the pool of liquid.

2.SPRAY & TRAY

CONDENSERS: Liquid is sprayed into the vapor Separator to remove any contaminants

Condensation front back to vapor inlet

move

Formation of large vapor bubbles.

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