Wireless World Map

System ZigBee Bluetooth UWB WiFi WiMAX fixed 2/2.5 G Cellular 3/3.5G Cellular 4G Cellular WiMAX & LTE 4G Advanced Application Industrial PC, Cell phone Home appliances PC network Internet Service Voice + low rate data Voice + Internet Voice + ?? Voice + ?? + ?? Distance Short Short Short Medium Long Long Long Long Long Mobility Low Low Low Low Low Medium High High High Data rate Low (< 1 Mbps) Medium ( 1 Mbps) High ( > 50 Mbps) High (> 100 Mbps) Medium Low Medium High Very high ( > 200 Mbps)

What is WiMAX?
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) is the common name associated to the IEEE 802.16a/REVd/e standards. These standards are issued by the IEEE 802.16 subgroup that originally covered the Wireless Local Loop technologies with radio spectrum from 10 to 66 GHz.

WiMAX
Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access

 A WIMAX tower station can connect directly to the internet using a high-bandwidth, wired connection. It can also connect to another WIMAX tower using a line-ofsight, microwave link. This connection to a second tower, along with the ability of a single tower to cover up to 3,000 square miles, is what allows WIMAX to provide coverage to remote rural areas.

Scalability
The 802.16 standard supports flexible radio frequency (RF) channel bandwidths. The standard supports hundreds or even thousands of users within one RF channel

Quality of Service
Primary purpose of QoS feature is to define transmission ordering and scheduling on the air interface These features often need to work in conjunction with mechanisms beyond the air interface in order to provide end to end QoS or to police the behaviour or SS.

As the number of subscribers grow the spectrum can be reallocated with process of sectoring.

RANGE
Optimized for up to 50 Km Designed to handle many users spread out over kilometres Designed to tolerate greater multi-path delay spread (signal reflections) up to 10.0 seconds

Coverage
Standard supports mesh network topology Optimized for outdoor NLOS performance Standard supports advanced antenna techniques

Parameters Frequency

WiMax 2 - 11 GHz

Wi-Fi 2.4 GHz

3G 1700-2100 MHz Varies 1-14mbps

MBWA 2 - 11 GHz

Range Data Transfer Rate

~31 miles 70mbps

~100 m 11 ~ 55mbps

+ 30 miles 60 + mbps

Users

1000s +

> 10

10,000+

1000 +

3GPP
The 3rd generation partnership project A global partnership of six SDOs:
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Europe ETSI USA ATIS China CCSA Japan ARIB & TTC Korea TTA

LTE The UMTS Long Term Evolution - Sesia, Toufik, Baker

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GLOBAL LTE MOMENTUM

What is LTE?
The latest standard in the mobile network technology tree A project of 3GPP & mainly built on 3GPP cellular systems family May be referred as E-UTRA & E-UTRAN Has advanced new radio interface Circuit switched networksall-IP networks Broadband connectivity on the move 100Mbps(DL), 50Mbps(UL), ~10 ms Latency

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Key LTE radio access features

LTE radio access
Downlink: OFDM Uplink: SC-FDMA

OFDMA
SC-FDMA

Advanced antenna solutions

Diversity Beam-forming Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)
TX TX

Spectrum flexibility
Flexible bandwidth New and existing bands Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

1.4 MHz

20 MHz

Lte benefits in a nutshell

Higher Speeds

Low latency

Faster downloads

Simpler networks

More capacity

New services

Differentiation

Greater End-User Experience

LTE: Not a Simple 3G Upgrade

LTE Represents a Major Upgrade from CDMA-Based HSPA (or EV-DO)
No longer a simple SW upgrade:
CDMA to OFDMA, represent different technologies Circuit switched to IP e2e network

Also requires new spectrum to take full advantage of wider channel BWs and Requires dual-mode user devices for seamless internetwork connectivity

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LTE Projections & Mobile WiMAX

FDD 2 x 20 MHz Channel BW
Parameter
BS Antenna Channel BW Mod-Code Rate DL Peak User Rate MS Antenna Mod-Code Rate UL Peak User Rate ? ? 64QAM-5/6 117 Mbps 226 Mbps

Reported LTE Results T-Mobile2

2x4 64QAM5/6 144 Mbps 1x2 64QAM4-? 50.4 Mbps

Motorola1
2x2 4x4

Qualcomm3
4x2 64QAM-? 277 Mbps 1x2 16QAM4-? 75 Mbps

WiMAX Rel 1.5

2x2 4x4

2 x 20 MHz

2 x 20 MHz 64QAM-5/6 144.6 Mbps 1x2 64QAM-5/6 69.1 Mbps 289 Mbps

1. Motorola website, LTE In Depth , Reference does not show UL peak rate projections 2. TrialsEnsuring Success for Innovation, Joachim Horn, T-Mobile, NGMN Conference presentation, June 25-27,2008 3. 3GPP Long-Term Evolution (LTE), Qualcomm, January 2008 4. 64QAM is optional for UL in LTE specification, 16QAM is mandatory
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Other Key Parameter Comparisons

Parameter
Duplex Frequency Band for Performance Analysis Channel BW Downlink Uplink DL Spectral Efficiency1 UL Spectral Efficiency1

LTE
FDD and TDD 2000 MHz Up to 20 MHz OFDMA SC-FDMA 1.57 bps/Hz/Sector (2x2) MIMO2 0.64 bps/Hz/Sector (1x2) SIMO2

Mobile WiMAX Rel 1.5

FDD and TDD 2500 MHz Up to 20 MHz OFDMA OFDMA 1.59 bps/Hz/Sector (2x2) MIMO 0.99 bps/Hz/Sector (1x2) SIMO

Mobility Support
Frame Size HARQ Link Budget Advanced Antenna Support

Target: Up to 350 km/hr

1 millisec Incremental Redundancy Typically limited by Mobile Device DL: 2x2, 2x4, 4x2, 4x4 UL: 1x2, 1x4, 2x2, 2x4

Up to 120 km/hr
5 millisec Chase Combining Typically limited by Mobile Device DL: 2x2, 2x4, 4x2, 4x4 UL: 1x2, 1x4, 2x2, 2x4

1. Spectral efficiency is based on NGMN Alliance recommended evaluation methodology

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2. Reference for LTE Spectral Efficiency: Motorola website, LTE in Depth.

Analysis of LTE & WiMax

1. Time advantage
WiMax is in the market while Long Term Evolution is still in the labs...So, in this point, WiMax has a clear time advantage over LTE: WiMax is present nowadays in numerous countries around the world. There are already a lot of deployments, and WiMax is growing step by step in different markets, not only in urban zones, also in rural and/or emerging markets. On the other hand, LTE is still in the labs, and forecasts say that until 2011-2012 (end of 2010 maybe) it is not going to be in the real market.

Availability of WiMax, HSPA and LTE

When LTE has arrived to the telecom market, WiMax will have already a solid market using it's hardware. However, other technologies, like HSPA+, could decrease that advantage. HSPA+ could compete with WiMax meanwhile LTE arrives...

Analysis of LTE & WiMax

1. Time advantage

Spectrum efficiency of HSPA, WiMax and LTE

As it can be seen in the figure above, HSPA R7 can compete with WiMax R3 TDD in terms of BPS/Hz either in the download link or upload link.

Analysis of LTE & WiMax

2. Latency

Latency: LTE 10ms WiMax 50ms

There is a good difference in the latency of WiMax and LTE, and some "real time" multimedia services will get benefit of this. Latency is a key point in some online services, and if one wants to deliver these services in a good way, he will need to pay attention to the Latency parameter

Analysis of LTE & WiMax

2. Latency
In some cases the signal must arrive at its destination as soon as possible, in order to maintain a "real time" sensation during the data exchange over the net: Online gaming and videoconference. Online gamers always complain about the "ping". In competitive gaming there is a huge difference between players whether one of them has 40ms less than others. The videoconferences will have better performance, without delays in the conversation. There is a solution to a high latency: the use of buffers, thats true. But there is a point here for LTE, because it do not need special improvements. Also, WiMax uses a bigger overhead in the packets, and that is worse for services like VoIP

Analysis of LTE & WiMax

3. Handover and Roaming

LTE supports handover and roaming with the 3GGP mobile networks. However, these services are not easy to achieve with WiMax. This fact is an important point because the roaming service generates numerous benefits for operators: it extends their coverage of the operator using the network of other carriers, it generates more benefits of visitors from other carriers and it provides to users an important service: One can travel far away from the coverage of his operator and the mobile phone is still functional.

Roaming advantages

Analysis of LTE & WiMax

4. WiMax, by default with Intel

It seems that Intel will integrate WIMAX in their new devices...It ensures a good number of WiMax devices in the market by default, which is very good to expand the potential market of WiMax.

Analysis of LTE & WiMax

5 . Power consumption
LTE needs lower power consumption than WiMax. One of the reasons of this is the use of SC-FDMA modulation in uplink channels. A low power consumption results in a longer battery life in mobile devices. So LTE has an advantage here, when talking about mobility, the battery life is a main feature of any mobile device like a mobile phone. Talking about bigger devices, like laptops, the battery is not an important issue because batteries of these devices last longer.

Conclusions
WiMAX and LTE employ similar technologies Both will achieve very high data rates Both will provide new services Both use: OFDMA, MIMO, TURBO LTE has the advantage of large GSM/UMTS customer base WiMAX has the advantage of being already in service in few places in USA

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Summary and Conclusion

IMT-Advanced specifications not yet fully defined IEEE 802.16m will mirror IMT-Advanced requirements

Mobile WiMAX and LTE are both accepted as candidates to meet IMT-Advanced performance goals Mobile WiMAX Rel 1.5 and LTE have comparable performance
Both use OFDMA in the DL with higher order modulation and coding Peak performance is similar for same modulation and code rate Both support FDD and TDD with channel BWs up to 20 MHz Both support higher order MIMO antenna solutions Both offer reduced latency But Mobile WiMAX has ~2 year time lead and a A flat e2e network architecture optimized for high speed data

Throughput & spectral efficiency target for Mobile WiMAX Rel 2.0 will further enhance key performance parameters
Mobile WiMAX Rel 2.0 is backwards compatible with Rel 1.0 & Rel 1.5

Comparable investment to upgrade 2G/3G network to LTE or Mobile WiMAX

New spectrum required for either LTE or WiMAX to support wider channel BW Multi-Band/Multi-Mode subscriber devices required in either case for internetwork connectivity and global roaming Upgrade to Mobile WiMAX provides operators a significant time-to-market advantage

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