VHDL 4 : (ver.

2b)

VHDL 4
Building blocks of a computer

VHDL 4 : (ver.2b)

VHDL 4 Building blocks of a computer

We will study the building blocks of a computer.

Control units are state machines, which have Flip-flops,

decoders, multiplexers etc. Beware that , there are usually more than one way to design the same digital system in VHDL

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A typical CPU
FFs=Flip-flops

Control Unit State machine Registers (FFs)

A state machine
contains FFs

Address bus
(latches) data-bus Memory

I/O control logic

(state machine)

ALU
(state machine)

Transceivers
(bi-directional buffers )

VHDL 4 : (ver.2b)

Use VHDL to make digital system building blocks

1) latch, 2) flipflop with asynchronous reset, 3) flipflop with synchronous reset, 4) tri state buffer, 5) decoder, 6) multiplexer, 7) bi-directional buffer,

VHDL 4 : (ver.2b)

VHDL Exercise 4 1) Latch: when gate=1, output follows input (level sensitive)
1 entity latch_ex is
2 port (gate, in1 : in std_logic; 3

Latch 1-bit memory DQ in1 out1 C gate

out1 : out std_logic); 4 end latch_ex; 5 architecture latch_ex_arch of latch_ex is 6 begin sensitivity list 7 process (gate,in1) 8 begin 9 if (gate = '1') then 10 out1 <= in1; http://faculty.kfupm.edu.sa/COE/ashraf/Ric hFilesTeaching/COE022_200/Chapter4_1.ht 11 end if; m, or P.72 Advanced Digital Design with 12 end process; the Veriolog HDL by M.D. Ciletti 13 end latch_ex_arch; The process executes once when gate or in1 changes

VHDL 4 : (ver.2b)

Exercise 4.1 on latch: draw q

In1 gate in1 Latch q

gate
q

VHDL 4 : (ver.2b)

2) Edge-triggered Flip-flop with asyn. reset : reset before clock

statement
1 architecture dff_asyn_arch of dff_asyn is

2 begin
3 process(clock, reset) 4 begin 5

sensitivity list

if (reset = '1') then 6 out1 <= '0'; 7 elsif clock = '1' and clock'event then 8 out1 <= in1; 9 end if; 10 end process; 11 end dff_asyn_arch;

in1 clock

Latch with reset D out1

reset

edge triggered clock or rising_edge(clock)

VHDL 4 : (ver.2b)

Exercise 4.2 on flip-flops:draw qe

D CK CK
Edge (50%) triggered FF

qe

qe

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Exercise 4.3 on architecture dff_asyn_a

When will line 3 be executed? Which is more powerful: clock or reset?
1 architecture dff_asyn_arch of dff_asyn is

2 begin
3 process(clock, reset) 4 begin 5

For asyn. reset flipflop asyn. reset and clock must be in the sensitivity list

if (reset = '1') then 6 out1 <= '0'; 7 elsif clock = '1' and clock'event then 8 out1 <= in1; 9 end if; 10 end process; 11 end dff_asyn_arch;

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Exercise 4.4 on different flip-flops

What is the difference between level triggered and edge

triggered flip-flops? **In Xilinx-Foundation all flip-flops are treated as 50% edge triggered flip-flops. What is the difference between
synchronous reset (syn-reset) flip-flops and asynchronous reset (asyn-reset) flip-flops?

Discuss the difference between a latch and a flip flop.

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3) Flip-flop with syn. reset: clock before reset statement 1 architecture dff_syn_arch of dff_syn is 2 begin process(clock,reset) reset can be removed, 4 begin -but allowed 5 if clock = '1' and clock'event then edge triggered clock 6 if (reset = '1') then 7 out1 <= '0'; 8 else reset 9 out1 <= in1; out1 10 end if; in1 11 end if; D 12 end process; clock 13 end dff_syn_arch;
Discuss why reset is not needed in the sensitivity list

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Difference between Syn. & Asyn. RESET flip-flops (FF)

The order of the statements inside the

process determines Syn. or Asyn. reset

Syn. Reset Flip-Flop (check clock first)

if clock = '1' and clock'event then

if (reset = '1') then

Asyn. Reset Flip-Flop (check reset first)

if (reset = '1') then

q <= '0'; elsif clock = '1' and clock'event then

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4) Tri state buffer: using when-else

(Use capital letter big Z for float, Z is a reserved character)

remember: Z is a scissor
1 entity tri_ex is
2 port (in1, control : in std_logic; 3

control out1 in1 Z=float

out1 : out std_logic); 4 end tri_ex; 5 architecture tri_ex_arch of tri_ex is 6 begin 7 out1 <= in1 when control = '1' else 'Z'; 8 end tri_ex_arch;

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A decoder (N bits --> 2N bits)

Picture from: http://www.safesdirect.com/safes/meilink/safes.html

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5) Decoder: using if statements

1 architecture decoder_a of decoder is 2 begin 3 process (in1, in2)

sensitivity list

in='1' and in2='0', open the safe

4 begin
5 6 7

8
9 10 11 12 13 14

if in1 = '0' and in2 = '0' then out00 <= '1'; else case 1 out00 <= '0'; end if; if in1 = '0' and in2 = '1' then out01 <= '1'; else out01 <= '0'; case 2 end if;

out00 in1 out10 out11 in2

out01

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(contin.)Decoder

15 if in1 = '1' and in2 = '0' then 16 out10 <= '1'; case 3 (open the safe) 17 else 18 out10 <= '0'; 19 end if; 20 if in1 = '1' and in2 = '1' then 21 out11 <= '1'; 22 else 23 out11 <= '0'; case 4 24 end if; 25 end process; 26 end decoder_a;

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6) Multiplexer (2N bits --> N bits) (the reverse of decoder)

1 architecture mux_arch of mux is 2 begin 3 process (in1, in2, ctrl) 4 begin 5 if ctrl = '0' then 6 out1 <= in1; 7 else 8 out1 <= in2; 9 end if; 10 end process; end mux_arch;

in1 in2 crtl in1 in2 crtl out1

out1

Mux

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Note:7) Bi-directional bus: using data flow concurrent statements

1 entity inout_ex is

2 port (io1, io2 : inout std_logic;

3

ctrl : in std_logic); 4 end inout_ex; 5 6 architecture inout_ex_a of inout_ex is 7 --signal outbuf, inbuf : std_logic; 8 begin 9 io1 <= io2 when ctrl = '1' else 'Z'; 10 io2 <= io1 when ctrl = '0' else 'Z'; 11 end inout_ex_a;

ctrl

io2

io1

concurrent statements

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Exercise 4.5 for Bi-directional bus

Crt=1, io1 follow io2_in Crt=0, io2 follow io1_in Plot io1 io2

io2
R=10K

ctrl io1
R=10K

Io2_in

Io1_in

ctrl Io1_in io1 Io2_in Io2

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Quick revision
You should know how to design asynchronous , synchronous reset flip-flops tri state buffers, Combination logics
decoders,

multiplexers,
bi-directional buffers,

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Appendix: do variables in processes have memory. (Good

practice: Initialize variables before use; assign values to variables from input first)

library IEEE; use IEEE.std_logic_1164.all; entity test is port (a,reset_v1: in std_logic; b ,c: out std_logic); end test; architecture test_arch of test is begin label_proc1: process (a,reset_v1)

variable v1 : std_logic; begin if reset_v1 ='1' then v1:= not a; end if; b<=a; c<=v1; end process label_proc1;

end test_arch;

V1 stays at two different levels depending on previous result

**The answer is yes. That means after a process is called, the state of a variable will be stored for the next time the process is being run again.