SUMITTED BY :- Saket Jain

Roger

j. Williams in 1919. Elehjem and jukes showed that vita. B5 requried for growth and prevented dermatitis in chicken in 1939. The total synthesis of structure was first achieved by the US Merck group in 1940.

 Discovered

in 1919 by R.J. Williams. Isolated from yeast in 1933. Derived from pantothen which is Greek for everywhere because it is widely found in most foods. Also referred to as provitamin B5 and pantethenol. Synthesized in 1940.

 Pantothenic

acid is naturally found in many foods including meat, milk, and many vegetables. Rich sources of pantothenic acid are mushrooms, liver, peanuts, eggs, yeast, broccoli and milk. Adequate Intake for adults is 5 mg per day, which most adults meet or exceed.

Structure: Pantothenic acid is an amide of pantoic acid and beta alanine. Metabolism: Pantothenic acid must be present in the diet to serve as a starting point for coenzyme A(CoA). Coenzyme A is richly found in the liver and poor quantities in the adrenals.

 Pantothenic

(CoA):

acid is an essential part of coenzyme A

Functions of CoA in the body:

As

a part of coenzyme A, pantothenic acid donates fatty acids to proteins in a way that can determine their location and function within a cell. Essential in the formation of ATP and in turn essential for energy metabolism. Essential for HEME formation in hemoglobin. Essential in the synthesis of acetylcholine which is important for nerve transmission.

 The

chemical structure of pantothenic acid is shown upto structure. Pantothnic acid is a pale viscous oil. Pantothenic acid is stable to autoclaving at 120 degree C for 30 min i neutral solution but is destroyed rapidly in acid or alkaline medium.

 CH2-OH-C(CH2)2-CHOH-CO-NH2-CH2-CO-NH-

CH2-CH2SH PANTOTHEINE (CH2-OH-C(CH)2-CHOH-CO-NH-CH2-CO-NHCH2-CH2)2S PANTOTHINE

The herbs in Mind Power Rx include: Ashwagandha, bacopa monnieri, Fo-Ti, Ginkgo biloba, Ginseng, Mucuna pruriens, Rhodiola, and Reishi . The nutrients and vitamins in Mind Power Rx include Acetyl-lcarnitine, Carnitine, Carnosine, Choline, DMAE, Inositol, Methylcobalamin, Pantothenic acid, Trimethylglycine, Tyrosine, and Vinpocetine.
purchase Pantothenic Acid supplement, 250 mg, 250 Tablets - Source Naturals Pantothenic Acid is a member of the B-vitamin family, and is often referred to as vitamin B-5. Its bioactive form, coenzyme A, plays many roles in the body, including the metabolism of proteins, fats and carbohydrates, the production of energy, and the synthesis of red blood cells and the key neurotransmitter, acetylcholine.

UNITED KINGDOM R. D .A : 6mg/day

 PHYSIOLOGICAL

EFFECTS: In the liver species play a role in testicular atrophy, which glutathione counteracts HYPOLIPIDEMIC EFFECTS: All three derivatives were able to effectively lower low-density lipoprotein(LDL), HAIR CARE: the cosmetic industry began adding pantothenic acid to various cosmetic products,including shampoo.

 ACNE:

Dr. Leung also proposed a mechanism, stating that CoA regulates both hormones and fatty acids and without sufficient quantities of pantothenic acid, CoA will preferentially produce and rogens. OBESITY: In a report published in 1997 by Lit-Hung Leung, it was hypothesized that pantothenic acid also has effect on weight management.

 Pantothenic

acid is also involved in making steroid hormones, vitamin A, vitamin D, and cholesterol. The recommended daily intake of pantothenic acid is about 5 mg. purchase Pantothenic Acid supplement, 250 mg, 250 Tablets - Source Naturals Supplement Facts: Pantothenic Acid 250 mg - 2,500% Daily Value (as calcium d-pantothenate)

 Pantothenic

acid is also known as B5. Its widely found in both in plants and animals includes meat, vegetable, cereals grains and legumes, eggs and milk. Vitamin B complex generally includes B1,B2,B3,B5,B12, and folic acid. However some products do not contain all these ingredients and some may others, such as Biotin, para aminobenzoic acid, choline, bitartrate and inosital.

Whether high-dose oral contraceptive agents affected pantothenic acid metabolism /was investigated/ in 13 women between the ages of 19 and 24 years enrolled in a 12-day confined study. At the end of the study, blood levels and urinary pantothenic acid excretion were similar in the subjects and controls. The investigators concluded that high-dose oral contraceptive agents do not cause significant changes in the biochemical parameters of pantothenic acid. [NAS, Food and Nutrition Board, Institute of Medicine; Dietary Reference Intakes for Thiamin, Riboflavin, Niacin, Vitamin B6, Folate, Vitamin B12, Pantothenic Acid, Biotin, and Choline. National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., pg. 362, 1998. Available from, as of March 2, 2010:

Pantothenic acid or vitamin B5 is present in a huge range of food products including meats like liver, kidney, and chicken. Vegetables and whole grains also contain large amounts of this vitamin. This essential vitamin is actively made inside the body by bacteria present in the small intestine. As a result, its very rare to find signs of vitamin B5 deficiency. Patients who demonstrate deficiency symptoms of Vitamin B5 are usually malnourished. Vitamin B5 oral treatment is an acceptable mode of therapy.
A few signs that indicate a significant deficiency of Vitamin B5 are:

1. The first signs of vitamin B5 deficiency are burning sensations in the hands and feet and numbness coupled with poor coordination. 2. This vitamin is extremely essential for acetylcholine synthesis which is required for muscle contractions and its deficiency can cause muscle cramps, numbness, and tingling sensations of muscles which make them very uncomfortable. 3. This vitamin also contributes to producing energy inside the body. As a result, common symptoms of vitamin B5 deficiency in the body are irritability, fatigue, tiredness, and apathy.

4. Intestinal symptoms like diarrhea, vomiting, and water retention are also other deficiency related symptoms. 5. Vitamin B5 contributes to sugar metabolism, so its deficiency causes increased sensitivity of tissue cells to blood sugar levels. This causes a drop in blood sugar levels resulting in Hypoglycemia. Sleep disturbances, restlessness, and irritability are prime symptoms of a falling blood sugar level and indicate a deficiency of Vitamin

A deficiency of pantothenic acid leads to depigmentation of the hair in rats.

Atrophy of the adrenal cortex with necrosis and hemorrhage may also occur in animals including rats. Deficiency of pantothenic acid is rare because it is common in most of the foods humans consume.

However, deficiency has been noted in people who are malnourished and in alcoholics. Individuals from both of these groups fail to get the correct nutrition and usually do not eat anything at all, therefore having no source for the vitamin.

RDA 2 mg for infants 0-0.5 yr; 3 mg for children 0.5-3 yrs; 3-4 mg for children 4-6 yrs; 4-5 mg for children 7-10 yrs; 4-7 mg for children 11+ yrs and adults. AS INTAKE INCREASES 10- FOLD , HOWEVER, ABSORBPTION RATE DECREASES TO 10%

STAY HEALTHY IN YOUR LIFE TAKES VITAMINS IN YOUR DIET!!