Education in Pakistan

Dr. Waseem Anwar

Contents
PART - I Definition of Education Constitution of Pakistan

PART II

Education Scenario
Education Policy

Definition of Education
The definition of education in common
usage, delivery that of education is merely skills the and knowledge,

information from teachers to students, is

inadequate to capture what is really important about being and educated. becoming

The proper definition of education is the process of becoming an educated person.

Being an educated person means you have access to optimal states of mind regardless of the situation you are in.

Constitution of Pakistan

Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, 1973 Article 37-b

The State shall remove illiteracy and provide free and compulsory secondary education within minimum possible period

Concurrent Legislative List:

Curriculum, syllabus, planning, policy, centers of excellence, standard of education & Islamic education

PART II EDUCATION SCENARIO

Human Development Index

Country Ranking 2005 2006 2007 Iran 99 96 94 (out of 177 countries)

Sri Lanka
Maldives India

93
96 127

93
98 126

99
100 128

Bhutan
Pakistan

134
135

135
134 137

133
136 140

Bangladesh 139
9

Nepal

136

138

142

Literacy Rates
Literacy Definition (As in 1998 Census)

The ability of a person who can read a newspaper and write a simple letter in any language
10

Literacy Rates
PAKISTAN = 55 % (Male = 67 %,Female = 42%)
Province Literacy Rate Punjab= Sindh = NWFP = Balochistan =
11

60.2% 57.7% 49.9% 48.8%

Educational Institutions by Level

Level Pre-primary Mosque school Primary Middle Secondary British System NFBE
Inter & Degree Colleges

Total
1,081 14,123 122,349 38,449 25,090 281 4,831 1,882 116 1257 3,059 12,153

Public
287 14,035 105,526 14,334 10,550 11 2,008 1,025 59 426 916 354

Private
794 88 16,823 24,115 14,540 270 2,823 857 57 831 2,143 11,799

Universities

Technical/ Professional

Vocational Deeni Madaris

12

Others

3,120

2,241

879

Institutions by Medium of Instruction

Type # of Institutions Total Public 227,791 151,744 Urdu 14806 English Sindhi 2277 3416 Others 22779 12,139

103,186 3,035 33,384

Private

76,047

43,347 21,29 3,521

9,886

13

EDUCATION POLICY OF PAKISTAN

14

Challenges
Weakened Governance Fragmentation Lack of Clarity in Inter-Tier Relationships Poor Quality of Teachers & Managers Quality of curriculum, textbooks & exams Low level of literacy Out of school children Dropouts

15

Challenges
Public Private Partnership In-adequate financing Gender Equity Poor monitoring & evaluation Imbalance in primary, middle & secondary schools Inconvenient school location

16

SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN

Universal and Free Primary and Secondary Education Promotion of Equity Minimum National Standards Relevance to Labour Market Sector Planning Financial allocation of 7% of GDP by 2018 Encourage Private sector Link Allocations to Definition of Free Education Improve Planning, Management and Implementation Capacity Donor Harmonisation Overcoming Fragmented Governance
17

SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN

Bridging the Public Private Divide Improved Examination System Introduction of Early Childhood Education (3-5 years) & inclusive education. Achieve the MDG goals. All Primary schools shall be upgraded to Middle level Well developed plan for expanding school facilities. High priority to reducing drop out rates

Improved school environment Career Counselling at higher secondary level

Develop national literacy curriculum Enhance qualifications for employment as teachers
18

SALIENT FEATURES OF NATIONAL EDUCATION PLAN

Pre-service & in-service teacher training
Accreditation and certification of teachers Merit based teacher recruitment, professional development, promotions & postings Curriculum development Competitive publishing of textbooks and learning materials

District Education Boards to be established for managing schools Separate management & academic cadres
19

Allocation of Funds to Education: Year 2009-10

Non-Development (Rs. in million) Development Total

1. Ministry of Education
2. Higher Education Commission

1,824.426
7,045.608

3,122.459
9,104.436

4,946.885
16,150.044

3. Major Projects under Ministry of Education a. Madaris Reforms (Teaching of formal subjects in Madaris) b. Education Sector Reforms Program c. Establishment of 82,000 Community Schools in Pakistan AJK and FATA d. Science Education Project (Phase-II) ADB assisted FCU e. National Education Assessment System (NEAS) f. Establishment of Cadet College Zhob at Qilla Saifullah
20

1449.000 800.00 170.510

84.670 71.530 50.000 Continue

(Rs. In million)

g. Establishment of Cadet College Panjgur h. Upgradation of FG Secondary Educational Institutions to the level of Islamabad Model Colleges i. Upgradation of FG Elementary Educational Institutions to the level of Islamabad Model Schools j. Establishment of 350 Community Schools in hard to reach areas of FATA (NORAD assisted)

50.000 45.000 40.000 39.329

21

Future Plans for Education in Pakistan

1. Tripartite Partnership:
The role of family, the community and the State. All need to be mobilized.

2. Free Education Upto Matriculation:

3. Provision of Free Textbooks: 4. Grant of Scholarships and Incentives to Girl Students: 5. Availability and Accessibility of Schools Particularly in Rural Areas.
22

Continue

6. Teachers Status and Recruitment of Female Teachers:

Better status and pay for teachers. Experience has demonstrated that schools with female teachers function well particularly at Primary level.

7. Improvement in Learning Environment:

Better infrastructure through School Management Councils.

8. Technical / Vocational Education:

It is important to provide demand related skills.

9. Instructional Methods:
23

Emphasis must be given on development of analytical faculties of the students. Continue

10. Teachers Training and Knowledge:

To improve teachers knowledge of the subject and equip them with a wide repertoire of teaching skills.

11. English Language:

Introduction of English from Class I. Future policy reforms will emphasize the teaching of science subjects in English at public secondary schools.

24

Thank You All

25