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Ionization = the process in which ions are formed from neutral compounds; Dissociation = the separation of the ions of an electrovalent compound as a result of the action of a solvent (usually water)
HA H+ + A-
An interesting and extremely useful relationship between pH and pKa can be obtained simply by taking logarithms (to the base 10) of the previous equation: log10Ka = log10[H+] + log10[A- ] - log10[HA] Therefore -log10[H+] = -log10Ka + log10[A-] - log10[HA] Note: log a log b = log (a/b) giving the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation:
A strong acid is one which is largely, or completely, dissociated, and which therefore has a high Ka value (and low pKa). A weak acid is one that is only slightly dissociated in solution, and has a low Ka value.
if we consider the situation where the acid is one-half (50%) dissociated, or where [A-] = [HA] (that is 50% negatively charged and 50% uncharged) then, substituting in the Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation pH = pKa + log(A-/HA) pH = pKa + log(1) Therefore and pH = pKa + 0 pH = pKa
When pH < pKa, the un-ionized, uncharged form is dominant, so there will be fewer negative sites,
thus, as pH decreases, CEC decreases (and AEC increases)
Organic and inorganic components of soil have functional groups that dissociate at various pHs, leaving them with a negative charge that can attract cations
2:1 silicate minerals have more Si-OH groups and contribute less to pH-dependent charge than 1:1 minerals and metal oxides
http://www.biologie.uni-hamburg.de/b-online/ge16/10.gif
Colloid
Positive charge 0 0 0 0 4
% constant
% variable
10 95 95 80 5
90 5 5 20 95
100