PRESENTED by : PIYUSH TEWARI serial no: 59 ECE final year

What is transparent electronics?

Wide

band-gap semiconductors for the realization of invisible circuits . Opaque semiconductor material replaced with transparent materials.

It offers below benefits : higher mobility Better chemical stability ease of manufacture physically more robust.

Researchers at Oregon State University and Hewlett Packard have reported entirely new class of materials which could be used to make transparent transistors that are inexpensive, stable, and environmentally benign.

POSSIBILITIES

so cheap they could almost be one-time "throw away" products. better large-area electronics such as flat panel screens. flexible electronics that could be folded up for ease of transport. For example: You are travelling in a car and you want to watch a movie or video play. Now the glass shields i.e. window panels will turn into a TV screen.

There are two technologies which preceded and underlie transparent electronics:

1. Transparent Conducting Oxides (TCOs) (Oxides that can be used In2O3, SnO2, ZnO and

CdO)

2. Thin Film Transistors (TFTs)

Transparent Conducting Oxides TCOs)

TCOs constitute an unusual class of materials

possessing two physical properties (generally considered mutually exclusive):

1. High optical transparency. ( Eg>3.1eV)

2. High electrical conductivity.

For transparency TCO hosts must be degenerately doped to displace the Fermi level up into the conduction band. Complex interplay between the electronic and optical properties. The large carrier concentrations desired for a good conductivity may result in an increase of the optical absorption.

Recently been proposed using as active channel intrinsic zinc oxide (ZnO).

Since its possible to grow high quality polycrystalline ZnO, at/near room temperature.
speed is thus on the higher side.

Response

Transparent electronic devices

Transparent Passive devices Transparent Active devices

Transparent Passive devices

Transparent Thin Film Resistors Transparent Thin Film Capacitors Transparent Thin Film Inductors

TTFR, TTFC AND TTFI

TTFRs

are expected to operate at relatively low frequencies. TTFR is expected to exhibit linear or very nearlinear behavior. TTFCs hard to realize due to poor conductivity of TCO's compared to metals. TTFIs efficient magnetic field coupling is strongly facilitated by the use of a magnetically-permeable insulator.

Transparent Thin Film Transistors

Constitutes the heart of transparent electronics Channel is formed from highly insulating, wide band gap transparent semiconductor(ZnO). Source, drain and gate contacts are made from highly conductive TCO (ITO). Two possible configurations are: a) Bottom gate b) Top gate

Possible structure, (a) Bottom gate, and (b) Top gate.

Applications

1.antistatic coatings 2.touch display panels 3.solar cells 4.flat panel displays 5.optical coatings 6.active matrix LCD 7.main stream displays 8.unconventional surfaces

 High

resistance of TCOs

Technological
Low

immaturity

frequency of operation (khz to few mhz)