POPULATION OF PAKISTAN

BY

SHAHID NASEEM

INTRODUCTION

What does Population actually means ??? In general , a term for the number of people living in an area at a particular time .

How can Population Growth be defined ??? The change in population over time and can be quantified as the change in number of individuals in a population us per unit time. The term Population Growth can technically refer to any species , but almost refers to humans and it is often informally , far the more specific demographic term Population Growth Rate.

POPULATION GROWTH RATE (PGR)

The fractional rate at which the number of individuals in a population increases , specially , ordinarily refers to the change in population over a unit time period .

Population Growth Rate is often expressed as a % of the no. of individuals in the population at the beginning of that period . This can be framed as the formula : GROWTH RATE = Population at End of Period Population at Beginning of Period / Population at Beginning of Period .
It can be further expanded as , GROWTH RATE = Crude Birth Rate (CBR) - Crude Death Rate (CDR) + Net Immigrant Rate (NIR). or Population / Population = (Birth / Population) - (Death / Population) + (Immigrant / Population) - (Emigrant / Population).

Population Growth Rate can be positive or negative . A Positive Growth Rate indicates the population increasing; while a Negative Growth Rate indicates population decline . A Growth Rate of Zero indicates that there were same number of people at the two times , that is , net difference between Births , Deaths and Migration is Zero . Growth Rate can be Zero when there are significant changes ; the Birth Rates , Death Rates , Immigrant Rates between the two times .

DEMOGRAPHIC TRANSITION MODEL

DEMOGRAPHY

HIGHLIGHTS

TRANSITION

Statistical study of Human Population

Process of changing from one state or condition to another

Shows the trend of population growth over a certain period of time on the basis of two vital statistics.

Birth rate & death rate

Demographic Transition:
Stage of societal development in unindustrialized countries marked by growing life expectancy and high birth rates; concept used to explain why populations in less-developed countries grow faster than those in more developed countries.

Demographic Transition Model

Stages :High Stationery Early Expanding Late Expanding Low Stationary

Fig. 3 : The four main stages with specific explanations

Highest rate of natural increase Rank Country or area

( source- Population Division, UN ; 2009 )

Rate of natural increase (2005-2010) % 3.89 3.47

1 2

Niger Burkania Faso

3
4 5 6 7

Uganda
Occupied Palestinian Territory Timor-Leste Benin United Republic of Tanzania

3.55
3.22 3.14 3.03 3.01

8
9 10

Yeman
Chad Guinea

2.97
2.90 2.87

0.5 1 2

1.5

2.5

0
1950-1055 1955-1960 1960-1965 1965-1970 1970-1975
Period

Sources Population Division , UN, 2008

1975-1980 1980-1985 1985-1990 1990-1995 1995-2000 2000-2005

Pop Growth Rate

Pop Growth Rate

Pakistan population grew from nearly 33 million in 1947 to about 180.8 million to date--an increase of over five times since the year of independence. Continued rapid growth in population has ranked Pakistan seventh in world and the third biggest contributor to world population growth. It was estimated as 146 million in mid-2002. (Source: Population Census Organization, 1998 Census Report of Pakistan and Economic Survey 2001-02). In 1950 Pakistan had a population of 37 million and was the world's 13th largest country. By 2007 it was the sixth largest country with 164 million people. Pakistan population was 144 million people in 2000. In 2008 PAKISTAN population is 180.8 million ,In 2020 -336 million, 2040-446 million, 2060-550 million populations will be expecting by Pakistan.
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POPULATION OF PAKISTAN

Pakistan is the worlds seventh-most populous country, with a population density of over 226 people/ km. Most of the population is concentrated in the plains surrounding the Indus River and its tributaries. The country has a moderate youth bulge; the average age is 21 and over 37% of Pakistanis are under 15 years of age.

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Over population is a major obstacle in Pakistan

If we glance through history we find that world has developed a lot in every field. When in the country,the size of the population is greater than the size of resources then country is said to be over populated. The total population of Pakistan was 3.25 crore in 1947. It rose 6.551 crore in 1972. It has 14.59 crore in March 2002. Pakistan is the 8th most populated country in the world.

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There are following obstacles in pakistan due to over population. Danger for economic development Low per capital income Low rate of saving Problems for education sector Housing problems Transportation problem Food shortage Population and environment Problems for agriculture sector Unemployment
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Over population is a great danger for economic development as it swallows up the progress made by the economic sector. With the increase in the population,there is low capital income in the country. There per capita income of Pakistan in 479 dollars compared to 27000 dollars in Japan and 14000 dollars in Singapore. When a country becomes over populated then its rate of saving becomes very low, as a result of which there is a low investment & unemployment in the country. The rate of savings in Pakistan is only 15% which is very low.
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Over population creates a great problem of education sector because proper facilities are not available for whole of the population. Over popultion also creates a housing problem because given resources are not sufficient to provide houses to whole population. Over population creates transportation problem because govt. resources are not sufficient to provide the better transportation facilities to whole of the population living within a country. There is a food shortage in the country due to over population because its resources are not sufficient to meet the needs of the people. Over population creates air, water& noise pollution in the environment. When a country becomes over populated, its rate of savings becomes very low as a result there is low of inverstment and unemployment in the country which is badly affects the economy.
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Over population creates a great problem of education sector because proper facilities are not available for whole of the population. Over popultion also creates a housing problem because given resources are not sufficient to provide houses to whole population. Over population creates transportation problem because govt. resources are not sufficient to provide the better transportation facilities to whole of the population living within a country. There is a food shortage in the country due to over population because its resources are not sufficient to meet the needs of the people. Over population creates air, water& noise pollution in the environment. When a country becomes over populated, its rate of savings becomes very low as a result there is low of inverstment and unemployment in the country which is badly affects the economy.
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POPULATION EXPLOSION
Large Number of people too few resources and too little space. Pakistan is the third world country and facing all kinds of problems, unemployment is at peak, lack of basic facilities, terrorism, uncertainty and much more. All these problems are the outcome of poverty and poverty is the outcome of over population. It is the fact that when the population will increase beyond the limited resources than problems is something natural. Large population is not a blessing but it is a curse for the nation as well as for the country and its resources No progress is possible without controlling population.
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OVER POPULATION AND ITS CAUSES

Large Number of people too few resources and too little space. Pakistan is the third world country and facing all kinds of problems, unemployment is at peak, lack of basic facilities, terrorism, uncertainty and much more. All these problems are the outcome of poverty and poverty is the outcome of over population. It is the fact that when the population will increase beyond the limited resources than problems is something natural. Large population is not a blessing but it is a curse for the nation as well as for the country and its resources No progress is possible without controlling population.
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THE MOST RECENT DATA OF POPULATION INCREASE IN PAKISTAN

Total Population:174,578,558 Age Structure: 0-14 years: 36.7% (male 33,037,943/female 31,092,572) 15-64 years: 59.1% (male 53,658,173/female 49,500,786) 65 years and over: 4.2% (male 3,495,350/female 3,793,734) (2009 est.) Population Growth Rate: 1.555% (2009 est.) Country comparison to the world: 83 Birth Rate: 25.89 births/1,000 population (2009 est.)
Birth Rate: 25.89 births/1,000 population (2009 est.) Death Rate: 7.21 deaths/1,000 population (July 2009 est.)
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CAUSES OF OVER POPULATION IN PAKISTAN

Population control is one of the critical issues of our time. Some of the causes of over population in our country are as follows In underdeveloped countries like Pakistan, birth control is considered a sin against God by some narrow-minded, fanatics. The fact is that population explosion is not merely an economic problem; it is also a big social problem. Parents have too many children cannot pay attention to the mental, physical, and spiritual growth and betterment of each of their children. As a result, their children feel neglected. Lack of Education: Illiteracy is another important cause of overpopulation. Those lacking education fail to understand the need to prevent excessive growth of population. They are unable to understand the harmful effects that overpopulation has. They are unaware of the ways to control population. Lack of family planning is commonly seen in the illiterate lot of the world. This is one of the major factors leading to overpopulation. Due to ignorance, they do not take to family planning measures, thus contributing to a rise in population. In Pakistan rural areas there is a trend of large number of families and due to lack of awareness and proper knowledge people go on producing more and more children. So this trend could be changed if education will be provided to all members of the society.
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 HIGH BIRTH RATE Thanks to the new discoveries in nutritional science, we have been able to bring in increase in the fertility rates of human beings. Medicines of today can boost the reproductive rate in human beings. There are medicines and treatments, which can help in conception. Thus, science has led to an increase in birth rate. This is certainly a reason to be proud and happy but advances in medicine have also become a cause of overpopulation. POLYGAMY. Polygamy means to have more than two wives at a time. Pakistan is a polygamous society and more than one marriage is acceptable and allowed in our religion. In rural areas polygamy is at the peak and its contributing in rise of population. So if we want to control population than polygamy should be discouraged.
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 DESIRE FOR MALE CHILD We think that we are progressing and adopting new values and trends but this is really not true and this is a fact that parents prefer boys on girls and consider their son as their future asserts. Who can support them later in the life? So desire of male child is also the main reason of population growth in society like Pakistan. So if we want to control the rising population so we should consider boys and girls as same and value them. If this thing will be including in our thinking that girls also support their parents so this will discourage the practice of producing more and more children just for the desire of male child.
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 EARLY MARRIAGES This is also the main reason of increase in population growth. As soon the girl grow parents start thinking for their marriages and when they find the reasonable proposal for them so they are in a hurry that they should get married and leave their education. Early marriages really contribute in rise in population growth and if we want to control it than early marriages should be avoided and education can help in delaying the age of marriage of the girls. They fall a victim to different evils. There are many causes of this deplorable situation such as poverty and the lack of means of entertainment. But the main cause of population explosion in our country is illiteracy. About 42 million adults are illiterate. They are under the powerful influence of the mullah who teaches them that birth control is against the faith. Islamic scholars around the world have stated categorically that there is no religion injunction against birth control. Islam itself presents the solution to this problem. In the Holy Quran God says, "And mothers should suckle their children for two whole years...". this means that an intervening space of about three years should elapse between one pregnancy and other. Pakistan cannot be put on the path to progress unless we change our attitude, control our population and increase our food production.
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EFFECTS OF OVER POPULATION

The effects of over population are so many that you can not count them on your finger tips but if we really want to progress then we have to control the limited size of the family and this will be in interest of all of us. OVER POPULATION LEADS TO POVERTY. UNEMPLOYMENT UNHEALTHY ENVIRONMENT HOUSING PROBLEM HEALTH PROBLEM PROPER CARE OF CHILDREN IN LIMITED RESOURCES DEVIANT BEHAVIOUR INCREASE IN CRIME BECAUSE OF LACK OF RESOURCES Poverty, unemployment, terrorism, high crime rate, load shedding, lower human development index, food crises, electricity crises, water crises, and extremism. And many more the effects of over population are adverse and they keep on increasing due to urbanization and industrialization. Large families lead to problems, problems and problems and they can only be controlled if people start planning their families according to the resources.
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EFFECTS OF OVER POPULATION

Fundamentalist Islamic mindset is one of the biggest cause for overpopulation in Pakistan. Muslims are discouraged to exercise birth control. You will see Muslims even in the west have huge families. You will never in Pakistan hear a holy man giving family planning advice to a Muslim couple. Children are considered will of "Allah" and it is believed that Allah will provide for them. Lack of awareness and facilities about contraception and abortion makes matter worse. Virtually non existent women rights make most of the women just a commodity of pleasure for men. Cultural issues make things even more complex, if a couple don't have many kids means something is wrong with either the man or the woman, which in the case of man is huge blow to his ego, and for woman it is a social stigma. First thing Pakistani couples want to do within the first year of marriage is to quickly have a baby. Economic reasons also come into to play for the most poor, child labor is allowed, even preferred in Pakistan. So if parents have more kids means they can earn more.
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STEPS FOR CONTROLLING OVER POPULATION

Over population can be controlled but for the people need awareness and support of religious leaders because in majority of the illiterate families they considered over population as blessing, and controlling method of population as sin because of religious restrictions. Allah hasnt say that go on producing children beyond your resources and then throw their children like animals without fulfilling their needs and responsibilities. In poor families there is a trend of larger families and their children are the most affected one because they are far away from basic needs and necessities of life.

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 Some of the points of controlling over population are as under To avoid joint family system because in this system financial burden is shared by all the earning members and in this way families can not control their family size. -Media can play an important role in discouraging large family size norms by giving public service messages and highlighting the importance of small family size. -Importance and advantages of small family size should be promoted. -Population control method should be promoted in married couple. -Lady health worker should be increased in the rural areas to aware the women about the consequences of larger families.
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Over population
Over population is the threat for the stability and strengthening of any nation. In the result inflation time larger families are not a blessing but a curse. So steps should be taken to aware the people that if the families will be small then they can enjoy their lives with all the facilities and the next coming generation will be healthy and organized due to the proper attention of parents. Education should be promoted in small villages and town. Importance and advantages of small family should be promoted in the newly married couples and the girls who are about to get married, because women health is also been affected with more children. So for a healthy family, healthy mother and progressive society population control is the most important aspect and the country has an estimated 2% growth rate which for a country of official population of 160 Million turns out to be roughly around3.2 Million every year.

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 This alarming growth rate is causing immense pressure on head of the families who are to support them. Given that about 40% of the population is already living under poverty line and 5.6% (official figures) of the population is unemployed, the ever growing population of Pakistan is just adding to the problems of the already under pressure nation. Pakistan has a fast developing economy which is making its middle class grow swiftly. This is creating more need for energy, food and homes and the prices of these things are gigantic nowadays. Also with the internationally growing oil prices are causing every item in the country to doubled (and in some cases tripled) every year.

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main cause of Pakistan's problems

main cause of Pakistan's problems and possible solutions to this crisis. Pakistan is a truly unique country with a rich natural heritage. It has all the climates and landscapes of the world. From hot sandy deserts in the south to arctic cold glaciers and high mountain ranges in the northwest and north with heavy snowfalls and thick, dense forests. It has natural drinking water from it's mountains and rivers, saltwater to extract salt for use and to sell. Pakistan has full access to open sea, a better access than most European countries since they need to pass their ships through each others waters to export/import products. Pakistan also has large reserves of oil, petroleum, coal and natural gas, yet it not only uses up these resources every day, but also heavily relies on imports of extra oil (and possibly gas) from the Gulf region. Having access to open deep sea, Pakistan also has access to rich fishing resources and similar sea food products. As mentioned, Pakistan's northern provinces are heavily forested, providing many opportunities for meat industries (which it already has, but could have had an even larger and better one). Pakistan has a large irrigation system providing huge access to clean water for drinking and agriculture. It could also have been used for forestation preserving natural habitat. Technologically Pakistan is also a fairly advanced country. It has amongst the most brilliant scientists and inventors and has made many significant contributions to the world. In the year 2007 Boeing purchased over a hundred million dollars worth of aircraft components from Pakistan, including engine parts for the GE94 engines used on their B777 aircraft series. Pakistan is one of the largest producers and exporters of surgical instruments for hospitals worldwide, including European and Chinese hospitals. With all these facts given, why is Pakistan then one of the poorest and polluted countries on Earth? Over population.

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Over population
By the 1980s it's population reached eighty four million. Now it's around one seventy million. in early 1994, the population of Pakistan was estimated to be 126 million, making it the ninth most populous country in the world. Pakistan's population is expected to double between 1994 and 2022. Over population is the threat for the stability and strengthening of any nation. In the result inflation time larger families are not a blessing but a curse. So steps should be taken to aware the people that if the families will be small then they can enjoy their lives with all the facilities and the next coming generation will be healthy and organized due to the proper attention of parents. Education should be promoted in small villages and town. Importance and advantages of small family should be promoted in the newly married couples and the girls who are about to get married, because women health is also been affected with more children. So for a healthy family, healthy mother and progressive society population control is the most important aspect and the country has an estimated 2% growth rate which for a country of official population of 160 Million turns out to be roughly around3.2 Million every year.

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 This alarming growth rate is causing immense pressure on head of the families who are to support them. Given that about 40% of the population is already living under poverty line and 5.6% (official figures) of the population is unemployed, the ever growing population of Pakistan is just adding to the problems of the already under pressure nation. Pakistan has a fast developing economy which is making its middle class grow swiftly. This is creating more need for energy, food and homes and the prices of these things are gigantic nowadays. Also with the internationally growing oil prices are causing every item in the country to doubled (and in some cases tripled) every year.

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Population Planning Policies and Problems

In 1952 the Family Planning Association of Pakistan, an NGO, initiated efforts to contain population growth. Three years later, the government began to fund the association and noted the need to reduce population growth in its First Five-Year Plan (1955-60). The government soon combined its population planning efforts in hospitals and clinics into a single program. Thus population planning was a dual effort led by the Family Planning Association and the public sector. In the mid-1960s, the Ministry of Health initiated a program in which intrauterine devices (IUDs) were promoted. Payments were offered to hospitals and clinics as incentives, and midwives were trained to treat patients. In late December 1971, the Continuous Motivation System Programme, which employed young urban women to visit rural areas, was initiated
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Population Planning Policies and Problems

In preparing the Sixth Five-Year Plan (1983-88), the government projected a national population of 147 million in the year 2000 if the growth rate were to be a constant at 2.8 percent per year, and of 134 million if the rate were to decline to the desired 2.1 percent per year by then. By the Seventh Five-Year Plan (198893) period, the multipronged approach initiated in the 1980s had increased international donor assistance and had begun to enlist local NGOs

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Migration and Growth of Major Cities

Pakistan's cities are expanding much faster than the overall population. At independence in 1947, many refugees from India settled in urban areas. In the 1950s, more than one-half of the residents of several cities in Sindh and Punjab were muhajirs. Some refugee colonies were eventually recognized as cities in their own right. The annual urban growth rate during the 1950s and 1960s was more than 5 percent. Between 1980 and early 1994, it averaged about 4.6 percent. The key reason for migration to urban areas has been the limited opportunity for economic advancement and mobility in rural areas. The economic and political control that local landlords exercise in much of the countryside has led to this situation.
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