Cause and Effect Diagram

(C&E, Ishikawa, Fault or Fishbone Diagram)

C&E Diagram

Objective

In This Module We Will.

Define a Cause and Effect diagram Understand the elements of C&E analysis Understand why and when to use C&E diagrams

Understand the importance of team involvement when brainstorming

Workshop on project teams C&E Diagram

C&E Diagram

Cause & Effect Diagram

The Cause and effect diagram is also called: Fishbone Diagram-because of the way it looks Ishakawa Diagram for the inventor, Dr. Kaoru Ishakawa.
Main Category

Problem/ Desired Improvement Cause

Root Cause

C&E Diagram

What is a Cause and Effect Diagram?

A visual tool to identify, explore and graphically display, in increasing detail, all of the suspected possible causes related to a problem or condition to discover its root causes. Not a quantitative tool

Main Category

Cause
Root Cause

Problem/ Desired Improvement

C&E Diagram

Why Use Cause & Effect Diagrams?

Focuses team on the content of the problem Creates a snapshot of the collective knowledge of team Creates consensus of the causes of a problem Builds support for resulting solutions Focuses the team on causes not symptoms

To discover the most probable causes for further analysis

To visualize possible relationships between causes for any problem current or future To pinpoint conditions causing customer complaints, process errors or non-conforming products To provide focus for discussion

C&E Diagram

Product/Manufacturing

Man Machine Five Key Sources of Variation Methods

+ Environment
Measurement

Materials

Use cause and effect diagram to single out variation sources within the 5Ms + E
C&E Diagram 6

Transactional/Service

People Policies Five Key Sources of Variation Procedures

+ Environment
Measurement

Place

Use cause and effect diagram to single out variation sources within the 4Ps + M&E
C&E Diagram 7

Fishbone - Cause and Effect Diagram

Causes
Main Category

Effect

Problem

Cause Root Cause

Shows various influences on a process to identify most likely root causes of problem
C&E Diagram 8

Constructing a C&E Diagram

Materials

Methods

Problem/

Maintenance Machinery

Manpower

Brainstorm to determine root causes and add those as small branches off major bones
C&E Diagram 9

Fishbone Diagram Example

Fishbone diagram sourced from GOAL/QPC Black Belt Memory Jogger published 2002

C&E Diagram

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Same Example More Detail

C&E Diagram

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Physical C&E Construction

C&E Fishbone diagrams can be constructed two ways: Paper and pen Usually more effective when working in a team May take multiple sheets of flip chart paper Many teams find it helpful to do the flip chart method first because it lends itself to group dynamics. Everyone can see and participate easier. Minitab software Very helpful when sharing diagram with an audience outside of your team

C&E Diagram

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C&E Workshop

In Project Teams, complete the following items: 1. Determine the problem or head of the fishbone

2. Determine if your process is Transactional/Commercial or Product/Industrial

3. Create a Cause & Effect (C&E) Fishbone diagram using:
- 4 Ps and M & E (Transactional process)*
- 5 Ms and E (Product process)*

* Use the headings (Ps and Ms) as guidelines. Customize to better describe the process
C&E Diagram 13