The Bill of Lading

Hugo Fernando Rivera Juan Felipe Surez 63112703 63112600

Introduction
The activities of international trade, such as transport and trading conditions, procedures have to be carried out individuals involved in these activities, it is important for both buyers and sellers meet requirements and measures so that the regulations adopt a uniform commercial permitting flow of business transactions and logistics for the movement of cargo from origin to final destination. one of these instruments is the Bill of Lading that has many kinds of qualities that contribute to the rapid flow of information between the actors involved.

Key words
Bill of lading: is a document to international transport. The Shipping Declaration: This is a document which is filled out by the Shipper/Forwarding Agent. Initial carriage by (mode): The mode of transportation by which the goods were carried, from the place where the carrier received them under his responsibility, until the port of loading. C.F.R: Code of Federal Regulations I.M.O: Inter Governmental Maritime Organization

Background
On the principle of ocean shipping was not yet known the bill of lading. In the thirteenth century implements a receipt issued by the captain of the ship.

Kind of forms in the time

Like a receipt of goods Poof of the existence of the contract of carriage by sea freight Receipt for shipment

Formalization of the term

On August 24 of 1924, the Haya rules through Brussels International agreement formalizes the term bill of lading.

What is the bill of lading?

Is a document issued by the captain of the vessel (shipowner or shipping agent) to which the reception on board the goods mentioned therein to be transported to the port of destination, according to the conditions and delivered to the holder of the document.

OR
Contract by which a party called carrier agrees to transfer, under a defined relationship, specific goods through a freight also determined and committed to delivering the goods in the state in which the received

FUNTIONS
THE BILL OF LADING AS A CONTRACT IT IS A CONFIRMATION OF THE RIGHT OF POSSESSION OF THE GOODS. IT IS A RECEIPT AND CONFIRMATION OF LOADING THE GOODS ON BOARD THE VESSEL.

Bill of lading as a contract

The Bill of Lading is evidence to the existence of a contract for the carriage of cargo between the carrier and the Shipper Is based in three factors The agreement between Shipper and Carrier. The remarks of the Tallyman and Chief Officer. Important standard remarks, which are, added by the carrier according to the goods data, country of destination etc.

It is a confirmation of the rigth of posession of the goods

The Bill of Lading is a negotiable document wherethrough its delivery to another party (on the condition that ii is endorsed), the possession rights, on the goods (or cargo) are transferred.

It is a receipt and confirmation of loading the goods on board the vessel.

A properly endorsed original Bill of Lading gives the right to the possession of the goods covered by such Bill of Lading. The cargo will not be delivered by the Carrier to the holder of the Bill of Lading if it is not properly endorsed.

THE LEGAL BASIS OF THE BILL OF LADING

The basis of this document is in the locas laws to the first and second target, but the third is based in the trade practice.

DESCRIPTION OF THE BILL OF LADING

Document written on two sides:
On the upper side (face) will appear details about goods and their way of carriage. On the reverse side (back) will appear those terms and conditions of the contract of carriage which do not vary from one shipment to another.

It must be distinguished between the original Bill of Lading and its copy:

Original
Only the original Bill of Lading validly fulfills, the three purposes mentioned and that only on the condition that it is properly endorsed on its reverse side. The number of original Bills of Ladings to be issued depends on the agreement between the carrier and merchant. On the Bill of Lading there is a special provision where this number will appear.

Copy
A Copy of a Bill of Lading serves all those who are involved in the business and need particulars about the goods and their carriage. The Carrier issues a number of copies according to the merchants wish.

Details of the Cargo and Carriage

On the face of the Bill of Lading the following details will appear: Particulars of the Shipper, Receiver and the receivers representative as well as the notified party. Particulars concerning the course of the cargo carriage. Senders remarks. Detailed description of the goods as provided by the Shipper, sometimes ascertained by the Carrier. Particulars concerning the freight and Carriers remarks. Various administrative particulars (such as No. of original documents issued, the number of the Bills of Lading, Agents signature for and on behalf of Master, etc.). Carriers remarks and additional remarks of the Shipper who do not harm the Carrier.

SOURCES OF THE BILL OF LADING

The Shipping Declaration
The document contains details about the goods/cargo and the way of carriage requested by the Shipper.

Remarks as per Shippers request

Remarks which oblige only the owner of the goods (for which special sections are allotted).

Chief Officers Remarks

Remarks and data concerning the condition of the goods, as noted by the Chief Officer during loading of the cargo.

Carriers Remarks and Specifications

Administrative particulars. Vital remarks resulting from the form of carriage (House to House, Pier to Pier, etc.), sort of cargo, its condition, or country of destination.

PARTIES TO THE BILL OF LADING

SHIPPER/EXPORTER (NAME & ADDRESS) CONSIGNEE (NAME & ADDRESS)

NAME OF RECEIVER AND HIS ADDRESS, when a direct deal has been made between Shipper and Receiver. TO ORDER The term TO ORDER itself, when the Bill of Lading is a Bearer Bill of Lading. TO ORDER OF BANK, When a bank is involved in the deal.

NOTIFY (NAME & ADDRESS)

CARGO CARRIAGE BOXES (UNDER CARRIERS RESPONSIBILITY

The Carriage Boxes

 As shown in the illustration above, these boxes may be divided into 3 main parts: A land stretch prior sea. A Maritime stretch. A land stretch to final destination.

Asterisked boxes
INITIAL CARRIAGE BY (MODE) PLACE OF RECEIPT OF GOODS* (IF CONTRACTED FOR) LOADING VESSEL * VOY. PORT OF LOADING * PORT OF DESTINATION * FINAL DESTINATION * (IF CONTRACTED FOR)

PARTICULARS AND DESCRIPTION OF GOODS (AS FURNISHED BY SHIPPER)

The particulars and description of goods is a main box in the format of the Bill of Lading. It contains particulars taken from the Shipping declaration, and further notes of the Carrier

The parts of this box

MKS. & NOS./ CONT. NOS. DESCRIPTION OF GOODS WEIGHT MEASUREMENT

Specification of the kind of cargo

The group of special cargoes include:

Charges or goods, classified as dangerous.

 Refrigerated charges Hints and Guide Lines:

Make sure that the temperature appearing are in centigrades. Ensure that the temperature of the container when delivered fits the temperature appearing on the documents. A refrigerated container (named also reefer) keeps the temperature. It does not chill).

Other particulars and description of the goods

WEIGHT MEASUREMENT TOTAL

FREIGHT PAYABLE AT

The paid of the freigth

Is relationed with:
The place of payment, which could be any place in the world where the shipping company (the Carrier) has an agency. The term of payment, as agreed between the carrier and the shipper, namely: PREPAID COLLECT

Form of Carriage
HOUSE TO HOUSE HOUSE TO PIER PIER TO HOUSE PIER TO PIER

Conclusion
the bill of lading is more than a documentary requirement, its meaning for foreign trade to prevail under the title tool in information flows. that importance has to be evaluated beyond the papers, and located as a business tool.