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Dr. Ramesh Reader Dept. of Library &Information Science University of Madras Chennai 600 005
bramesha@rediffmail.com
Today's Agenda on IR
Questions/ Discussion Fad or Fundamental?
Key Concepts
A Bit of Theory
IR
Standards
The IR Agenda
What is IR ?
An institutional repository consists of formally organized and managed collections of digital content generated by faculty, staff, and students at an institution. The content of these repositories can be made available for integration with oncampus library and course management systems. It can also be made available to colleagues and students at other institutions, as well as to the general public.
IRs Includes
Materials produced by university faculty and researchers i.e., Articles, preprints, working papers, presentations, dissertations, theses, data sets, course materials, audio/video files, web pages, technical reports, images, university archives Multiple formats and disciplines
Contd.
Knowledge, or intellectual capital, produced by scholars and their parent institutions tends to end up being disseminated by commercial publishers Output from individual universities is dispersed to publishers and then to library collections. IR offer a strategic response both to the opportunities of the digital networked environment and the systemic problems in the todays scholarly journal system. IRs are marketing tools, communicating capabilities and quality by showcasing faculty and research scholars, public service projects, and other activities and collections.
IR : Historical Perspective
One way of providing and organising digital content is by establishing institutional repositories. Participants at the inaugural meeting in October 1999 of what became known as the Open Archives Initiative (www.openarchives.org/) were academic librarians and computer scientists interested in archiving, metadata, and interoperability. By the end of October the initiative had changed its name from the Universal Preprint Service (UPS) to the Open Archives Initiative (OAI). This change of name reflected the wider utility expected of the software, which was no longer seen as restricted to e-print repositories.
IR : Historical Perspective
Contd
In many institutions, such as University of Melbourne, the Australian National University, University of Nottingham, and University of Glasgow, library staff are taking the initiative to establish e-print repositories compliant with international standards. In these universities and many others, the software employed is e-prints.org Another example of institutional libraries leading the way in developing OAI compliant digital repositories is MIT Libraries, where library staff worked with the Hewlett-Packard Company to develop D-Space.
Institutional repositories University of Southampton, Department of Electronics and Computer Science University of Edinburgh, Theoretical and Applied Linguistics University of Nottingham (Nottingham ePrints) University of Glasgow (ePrints @ Glasgow) University of Bath [pilot]
Records 7,158
URL http://eprints.ecs.soton.ac.uk/
90*
http://archive.ling.ed.ac.uk/
46
36 4
Subject-based repositories
Subject-based repositories Records URL
1,709
720
21
Principles of IR
Digital content Support and promote creation and preservation of digital research outputs. Discovery Support and promote discovery of related digital research outputs across content collections and disciplines. Collaboration Support and promote national and international collaboration to enhance management and interoperability of digital content. Connection Support and promote connections between digital research, learning and administration services
Principles of IR
Contd
Standards Support and promote use of relevant open standards, such as the OAI (Open Archives Initiative) Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (PMH). Software Support and promote use of existing systems as proven tools for creating OAI-compliant repositories. Diversity Support and promote software diversity within an OAI-compliant frameworkone solution does not fit all. Evolution Support and promote learn by doing and use of demonstrators to build shared experience.
Principles of IR
Contd
Authors Support and promote processes that make it easy and desirable for authors to submit their research outputs. Cost Support and promote approaches that minimize the costs to institutions of participation and compliance. Sustainability Support and promote solutions which can be readily looked after, such as the ability to scale up as usage grows. Preservation Support and promote choices for digital object formats that enable long term preservation of and access to content.
Workflow Involved in IR
1. CONTENT: Pre-prints and other works-in-progress; Peer-reviewed articles; Monographs, teaching materials, data sets and other ancillary research materials; Conference papers, electronic theses & dissertation and gray literature and Administrative records, heritage of the institution etc.,
Workflow Involved in IR
2. SUBMISSION :
Contd.
Once the collection scope has been carefully defined, though can then be given to the submission workflow; The practical aspect of the submission interface are large dependent on the repository software chosen. IR software usually has a web-based submission interface E.g., 1. Dspace submission interface 2. OCLCs name authority Web service.
Workflow Involved in IR
Contd
3. ACCESS: IR should be accessible to end users both within and outside of the institution. Few barriers exists to access IR
Workflow Involved in IR
Contd
4. OUTPUT: A repository may decide that it will only automatically support popular format like HTML, PDF, MS word, Postscript, TeX or TIFF etc.,
Contd
Research project called RoMEO (Rights Metadata for Open Archiving). This project compiled a list of journal published copyright policies on self-archiving, e.g., 1. Nature Publishing House allowed authors to reuse or to post a PDF copy on their own (Not-for-profit) IR. 2. The Welcome Trust given a guidelines to grantees will be required to deposit e-version of research output, e.g., PubMed Central
Workflow Involved in IR
Contd
6. SUSTAINABILITY Two Steps of long-term sustainability 1. The need for ongoing strategic & financial support from the host institution; 2. The need to ensure continued longterm access to the content of repositories.
Contd
IR : is it Fashion Statement? Periodic evaluation to ensure that it they are fulfilling its basic institutional requirements. Evaluation to ensure that users continue to full their needs; It will help identify new requirements. Results may changes in development of IR.
IR : Functional Model
P R O D U C Administration Ingest/ Process IR Storage Access Preservation Planning Data Management
C O N S U M E
E
R
Management
IR : A Proposed Model
Content Producers Departments / University Schools Institutional Research Output
IR
Digital Archive (Metadata + Full Text and Image Files) Local Access via Campus-wide INTRANET Remote Access via INTERNET
Preservation
Innovation
Benefits of IRs
For Users:: Expansion of the range of knowledge that can be shared Opportunities to simplify and extend dissemination. For Institutions : Enabling of IPR to be exploited more effectively an institutional level The highlighting of the quality of intellectual capital For all: Opportunities for new forms of scholarly communication. Flexible ways to develop existing scholarly communication.
Contd.
Early small wins with individual academic departments focused on integrating institutional repository objects into classroom instruction or research projects; Addressing underlying infrastructure issues, including network bandwidth, low-cost disk storage, authentication, and digital preservation; Develop institutional standards and procedures for managing disciplinary and institutional collections, and procedures for migrating content from individual to disciplinary to institutional status.
peer-reviewed publications conferences & colloquia proofs & evidence source material Scholarly Communication Service
COMPASS
extracts from sources & data drafts, works in progress, & intermediate results projects and theses presentations
Libraries
managed, permanent collections purchased & licensed digital & traditional discovery & access tools & services
individual
papers, quizzes, tests threaded discussions labs & reading lists class materials
Digital Repository
temporary
LONGEVITY
permanent
I R Software Providers
Archimede Bepress CDSware CONTENTdm DSpace - www.dspace.org EPrints - www.eprints.org Fedora - (www.fedora.info/) Greenstone Open Repository
Contd
Mission: To create and establish an electronic system that captures, preserves and communicates the intellectual output of MIT's faculty and researchers. To support adoption by and federation with other institutions. Vision: A federation of systems makes available the collective intellectual resources of the world's leading research institutions.
Global Standards
Avoid unnecessary limitations on the types and content or format of digital objects Adopt a common standard for the unique, persistent identification of digital objects Digital objects must have accompanying descriptive metadata, conforming at least to some form of Dublin Core Repositories may expose additional metadata specific to their domain needs the format for metadata must be XML-based Adopt OAI-PMH as the standard for data exchange between networked repositories Adopt HTTP as the protocol for linking, so that anyone using any browser can access the repository
Addressing Concerns
IRs act as a complement to, not a replacement for, traditional scholarly journals Publishers (including Elsevier) are beginning to allow self-archiving by authors Costs can be mitigated by immediate benefits to institutions visibility and prestige, and by longterm benefits of preservation and access Library can assist with content submissions by converting to archival formats, adding metadata and addressing content management issues (IP, QC)
14 Individual project, at
www.jisc.ac.uk/index.cfm?name=programme_fair
ISTEC / DLL: https://dspace.istec.org and sample conference page at http://dll.istec.org/conferences/brasildll03/ University of New Mexico (UNM) http://repository.unm.edu/
Summing up
The idea of IR will definitely present many opportunities and challenges to LIS Professionals. The concept is implemented, the librarys visibility and importance would be elevated not only the institutional level, but also at national and global levels. With intellectual leadership from the faculty and the library working in partnership able to preserve and continue to foster the growth of human knowledge.
THANKS