Course subject:

Leadership

Brata T. Hardjosubroto
Course Content
1. Approaches to the modern study of Leadership
2. Ethical Leadership
3. Leadership in Global and multicultural society
4. Intelligence and Personality
5. Motivation
6. Communication
7. Philosophy and Leadership
8. Power and Leadership from the top
9. Management and Leadership
10. Teaming and Leadership
11. Classical approach to the study of Leadership
12. Leadership Theories and Approaches for today and tomorrow
13. The art of Command
14. Environmental Leadership
Leadership is...
 ..the process of influencing a group to
achieve goals
 ..an influence relationship among leaders
and followers who intend real changes that
reflect their shared purposes (Rost, 1998)
 ..all about getting people to work together to
make things happen that might otherwise
not occur or prevent things from heppening
that ordinarily would take place (Rosenbach
& Taylor, 1993)
 Leadership is:
 Interpersonal influence directed through
communication, toward goal attainment

 The influential increment over and above mechanical

compliance with directions and orders

 An act that causes others to act or respond in a

shared direction

 The art of influencing people by persuasion or

example to follow a line of action

 The principal dynamic force that motivates and

coordinates the organization in the accomplishment
of its objectives
Leaders and Leadership
 Leader – Someone who can influence others
and who has managerial authority
 Leadership – What leaders do; the process of
influencing a group to achieve goals
 Ideally, all managers should be leaders
 Although groups may have informal leaders
who emerge, those are not the leaders we’re
studying

Leadership research has tried to answer:

What is an effective leader?

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 5

Seven Traits Associated with Leadership

Source: S. A. Kirkpatrick and E. A. Locke, “Leadership: Do Traits Really Matter?” Academy of

Management Executive, May 1991, pp. 48–60; T. A. Judge, J. E. Bono, R. llies, and M. W. Gerhardt,
“Personality and Leadership: A Qualitative and Quantitative Review,” Journal of Applied Psychology,
August 2002, pp. 765–780.

© 2007 Prentice Hall, Inc. All rights reserved. 6

Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Trait theory

 Leadership is a function of Nature

 Leadership is a function of Nurture

Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Group and team leadership
 The roles individuals play in groups, such as
gatekeepers, process developers,
information senders, and so on
 Teams may be called task force, committees,
quality circles, project team or other
 They are functional and cross functional
 It can be virtual or face to face group
 Building an effective teams is a crucial
aspect of leadership
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Situational leadership
theories
 How leader is able to adapt his or her
leadership style to the situation at hand.
 Leadership is the process of ballancing the
needs of followers, the situation and the
leaders themselves
 Learning when to apply what style is a key to
effective leadership.
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Organizational development, change
and leadership

 Leadership as the process of helping an

organization to effectively meet its goal.

 Leadership takes major role in the concept of

unfreezing, changes and refreezing.
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Leadership versus
management
Mix perceptions:

 Leadership as a subset of management

 Management as a subset of leadership
What is Management
 It involves coordinating and overseeing the
work activities of others so that their
activities are completed efficiently and
effectively

 Manager is someone who coordinates and

oversees the work of other people so that
organizational goals can be accomplished
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Politics, power and
leadership
 The term Politics implies understanding and
resolving human factors involved in decision
making
 The field of political science is seen as
applied leadership
 Power... is refering to authority or
empowering others
 Leadership is based on influence not
positional power
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Charismatic leadership

 Leader who lead by inspiration and often by

sheer personality
 Some give hope energy and bring out the
best people (Dr Martin Luther King, Kennedy)
 Some bring out the worst in people (Hitler)
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Vision, the human condition and
leadership

 What is the goal of leader?

 What does it involve humankind
 Can a leader lead if there is no goal to lead
toward?
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Leadership Formula?
Is there any single formula?
 Stephen Covey’s Seven habits of highly
successful people
 Maxwell’s 21 Indisputable Rules of Success
 Powel’s 18 Lessons in Leadership
 Gardner’s 10 functions of Leadership
 Bennis’s 4 major competencies of leadership
 ..and others.
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Ethical Leadership
 Some leaders (Kenneth Lay of Enron, Dennis
Kozlowski of Tyco) have behaved in a manner
that brought disgrace to the image of
corporate leader.
 Ethics should be central to all leaders
 Ethical leadership is the only leadership
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Leadership in limited time and
space

 Project leadership, it requires all skills to be

applied within limited time
 Challenges of Virtual leadership
 Time limited and space limited (virtual)
situation require skilled leadership
Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

APPROACHES TO MODERN LEADERSHIP

Ethical Leadership Vision, Human

Leadership in
Leadership Formulas Conditions and
Limited Time and
10 9 Leadership
Space
And Human
11
Relations
8
Multicultural
and Global Charismatic
Leadership Leadership
12 7
Modern
Traits Theory
and Other Leadership Politics, Power,
and Leadership
Psychological
Approaches 6
1
Group and Leadership Vs.
Team (and)
Leadership Situational Organizational Management
Leadership Development,
2 Theories Change and
Leadership
Multiculture and Global
leadership
 Different Era, nationality, gender drives
different way in leading
 Multicultural leadership is about being able
to recognize and appreciate human
differences
 Leadership must be based on respect and
understanding of human differences.
Questions ??
Group Exercise
 Make a group of 2
 Discuss the understanding of leadership,
which one you most agree
 Discuss your leadership skill
 Mention some personal experiences
(3 positive and 3 negative experiences)
 Present it to the class
 Chapter 1: Approaches to the Modern Study of Leadership

Questions for Discussion and Review:

 Of the definitions of leadership
given, which do you prefer?  What is the difference between
Why? leadership and management?

 What psychological approach  What does the term “politics”

to leadership do you use?
Which approaches are less
used by you?
 Name three groups you belong
to. Name three teams you
belong to. Explain why some
are groups and some are
teams.
mean to you?
 Who is your favorite
charismatic leader? Why is that
person charismatic?
 Name two ethical leaders you
admire. Why do you admire
them?

 Give an example of situational  What is a virtual team?

leadership that you
experienced.

 Are “change” and “leadership”

the same thing?