DETONATOR : TYPES

1. BASED ON FUNCTION TYPE :-

A) PERCUSION TYPE
B) ELECTRICAL TYPE

2. BASED ON IGNITION TYPE

A) IGNEFEROUS TYPE
B) DISRUPTIVE TYPE
DETONATOR : COMPOSITIONS
 F1 COMPOSITION : HG-FULMIN. 28+-
1.5 %,POTA. CHLORATE 41.0 +- 2.2%
ANTIMONY SULPHIDE 31.0+- 1.7%
G1 COMPO. :- 27+-1.5 , 32.0+-1.7,
41.0+-2.2% RESPECTIVELY
H1 COMPO. : 20.0+-1.1, 35.0+-1.0 &
45.0+-2.4 RESPECTIVELY.
E1 19.0 +-1.0, 33.4+-1.8, 42.8+-2.2 RES.
& GP=2.4+-0.3, SULPHUR 2.4+-0.3%
 COMPOSITIONS USED
 ASA MIX. : LEAD AZIDE 65+-2, Lead
Styphnate 32.5+-2 Al Pd. 2.5+-2.4%
 L-MIX : RD 1337 50.5+-2.5, RD 1651
(LDNR) 2.4, Barium Nitrate 100/170 =
45+-2.2, Tetrazine 5+-0.5 %
 VH2 COMPO. BARIUM NITRATE 39.0+-3.0,
Comp. RD1303 38.5+-3.0, CACIUM
SILICIDE 75MM 11+-1.0, ANTIMONY
SULPHIDE 125/90 = 5+-0.6, LEAD
PEROXIDE 5+-0.6 , TETRAZINE2.5+-0.4%
 Filling of detonator
 i) Assembly of empties in filling mould.
 ii) Transfer of explosive composition 10-15
grams in a anti-static rubber bowl .
 iii) Dosing the charge mass by automatic
dosing machine or by hand scooping.
Operator works from behind safety shield.
 iv) Transfer the charge mass through
chute of ferrule.
 Filling of detonator
 v) Transfer of filled empties with
mould under the pressing ram
 vi) Operate the press (Pneumatic or
hydraulic or by hand press)
 vii) Cleaning of free dust by suction
or by soft hair brush.
 viii) Dismantling of ferrule part.
 Filling of detonator
 ix) Extraction of detonator from
behind safety shield .
 x) Cleaning filled detonator by
suction.
 xi) Inspection by gauging diameter &

length of filling i.e. height of

filling.
 xii) Closing of detonator with LTF

disc in Turn over machine from

behind safety shield.
 Filling of detonator
 xiii)Sealing the closed end with
ammunition protective composition
(A.P.C.) which may be either shellac
based or N.C. base.
 xiv) Packing and storage of passed
serviceable detonators in approved
boxes.
SAFETY IN THE OPERATION OF
DETONATORS
 i) All the operations are carried out from
behind safety shield.
 ii) Static charge should be removed by
providing static conducting work table
top.
 iii) Smaller quantity of explosive is
handled at a time.
 iv) The composition is carried out
manually using explosive carrying box
SAFETY IN THE OPERATION OF
DETONATORS
 v) Carrying man should not run but
walk steadily.
 vi) All the working machines and
table tops are connected with
earthing connection.
 vii) All operations are to be carried
out as per authorized G. S. Ds.
 viii) Scrapping or nipping of the
composition is not permitted.
SAFETY IN THE OPERATION OF
DETONATORS
 ix) In case of pressing punch getting
struck up in the mould, extreme
precaution is taken by bringing
the mould, out of the working
table.
 x) Special precautions to be taken /
dangers are to be explained by the
supervision staff or by expert work
mass on the line of production.
 SAFETY TO BE TAKEN DURING
MANUFACURE OF DETONATOR
 a) Operative engaged must wear
protective clothing (Fire proof and which
does not generate static charges).
 b) Operation must be carried out from
behind safety shield and composition
to be kept into the before shield.
 c) Operative must use eye shield and
wear gloves that protects the palm and
wrist. Detonators can only be handled
by means of a tweezers.
 SAFETY TO BE TAKEN DURING
MANUFACURE OF DETONATOR
 d) During filling the amount of
composition present should be kept in
“ANTI STATIC RUBBER BOWL” and in
minimum quantity.
 e) All movements are to be controlled
from behind a steel shield.
 f) Presses are covered with a steel
guard and that can contain the effect of
an "UNINTENTIONAL EXPLOSION”
 SAFETY TO BE TAKEN DURING
MANUFACURE OF DETONATOR
 g) Extraction , cleaning and
varnishing operations are suitably
guarded.
 h) No. of detonators present at one
time is kept “LIMITED”
 i) For transport and packing, each
detonator is packed in a hole in felt
and are kept sandwiched between
felt pieces.
 SAFETY TO BE TAKEN DURING
MANUFACURE OF DETONATOR
 j) All the operators are checked
Periodically for static charge
accumulation by “PERSONAL TESTER”
 k) Relative humidity (RH) should be
maintained in the room which is around
55 % to 65 %.
 l) Operatives engaged in the work should
have a good eye sight and without any
influence of liquor.
 SAFETY TO BE TAKEN DURING
MANUFACURE OF DETONATOR
 m) Shops must be kept scrupulously
clean, free from dust and all crevices and
joints.
 n) Illumination in the working place
should be proper in range of 200 to 300
LUX.
 o) The supervisory staff must keep very
alert and they must contain a strict
control of operators and proper
handling of explosives.
 SAFETY TO BE TAKEN DURING
MANUFACURE OF DETONATOR
 p) Un-accepted filled detonators and
explosive dust/sweepings are to be
kept under oil/ water for desensitizing
and proper functioning.
 q) All operations are to be strictly carried
out as per authorized G. S. Ds.
 r) Scrapping and nipping of the
composition is not permitted.
 PROOF TESTING
PROOF TESTING IS ESSENTIAL FOR SAFE HANDLING AS
WELL AS FOR PROPER FUNCTIONING IN ROUND
2. SENSITIVITY PROOF :- SAMPLE OF LOT IS TESTED BY
DROPPING A ONE OUNCE STEEL BALL ON THE STRIKER
RESTING ON THE DETONATOR. THE HEIGHT FROM
WHICH THE BALL CAN BE DROPPED IS VARIED TILL IT
GIVES 100% IGNITION AND T0% IGNITION. A RUN
DOWN SENSITIVITY TEST IS ONE THAT TEST
DETONATORS AT REGULAR INTERVALS OF HEIGHT 1”
OR HALF INCH INTERVALS BETWEEN THE 100% & 0%
IGNITION POINTS. THE 50% POINT CAN BE
DETERMINED BY PLOTTING THE PERCENTAGES OF
MISFIRES AGAINST HEIGHT OF DROP ON APPLYING THE
RESULT TO THE FORMULA H = h + m (1/2 + f / t)
WHERE H=50% POINT , h = HT. WHEN ALL FIRED,
m= HT. INTERVAL BETWEEN TESTS , f TOTAL FAILURE
BETWEEN 0% & 100% (POINTS INCLUSIVE) AND t=
NUMBER TESTED AT EACH TEST HEIGHT
 PROOF TESTING
 DROP TEST : (INSENSITIVITY) : AS MOST OF
DETONATORS HAVE TO WITH STAND THE
FORCES OF ACCELERATION WHEN A FUZE IS
FIRED FROM A GUN, IT FOLLOWS THAT THEY
MUST BE TESTED TO SEE IF THEY ARE SAFE TO
BE SO TREATED.
 IN THIS TEST, THE ACCELERATION FORCE OF
SET BACK IS SIMULATED BY A DROP AND
REBOUND TEST. THE DETONATORS EITHER
SINGLY OR 10 AT A TIME ARE CLAMPED IN A
PERFORATED PLATE BETWEEN A LEATHER DISC
AND THE WEIGHT, A COVER PLATE BEING
FITTED. THEY MUST NOT FIRE WHEN THE
WEIGHT IS DROPPED.
 PROOF TESTING
 PRESSURE BAR TEST :-
 WHEN A DISRUPTIVE DETONATOR FIRES, A
SHOCK WAVE IS DIRECTED FROM THE BASE OF
THE DETONATOR & THIS WAVE INITIATED THE
EXPLOSIVE IN THE FUZE. TO DETERMINE THAT
THE DETONATORS ARE POWERFUL ENOUGH TO
DETONATE THE CHAIN OF EXPLOSIVE, A SAMPLE
IS TESTED BY A “PRESSURE BAR” AND THE
POWER TO EACH DETONATOR CALCULATED.
 ON THE 0.4” BAR, A 1.8 GRAIN DETONATOR
MUST GIVE A MINIMUM PRESSURE OF 12
TONS/SQ.INCH FOR MOST OF THE DISRUPTIVE
DETONATORS, VARY BETWEEN 6.5 TO 11 TONS
ACCORDING TO SIZE.
 PROOF TESTING
 FLASH TEST : IGNEFEROUS DETONATORS MUST
SEND A FLASH FORWARD ON TO ANOTHER
DETONATOR SLEEVE OR GUN POWDER. THEY
ARE THEREFORE TESTED TO DETERMINE
WHETHER THE FLASH PRODUCED WILL IGNITE A
G.P. AT A SPECIFIED DISTANCE.
 FLASH PICK UP TEST : THE 1.8 GR. AND 5.7 GR.
DETONATORS MUST BE CAPABLE OF BEING
IGNITED FROM THE FLASH OF AN IGNEFEROUS
DETONATOR AT A SPECIFIED DISTANCE. THE
IGNEF. DETONATOR IS SITUATED BETWEEN 1 &
3” AWAY FROM THE DISRUPTIVE DETONATOR IN
THIS TEST.
 PROOF TESTING
 JOGGLE TEST : TO DETERMINE WHETHER
THIS LOT OF DETONATORS IS SAFE TO
HANDLE THE JOGGLE USED FOR
EXTERNAL CLEANING IS USED TO GIVE
VIOLENT AGITATION TO THE
DETONATORS BY RUNNING IT AT 320
COMPLETE AMPLITUDES /MINUTES
 THE DETONATORS 5 AT A TIME ARE
AGITATED IN THE APPARATUS TOGETHER
WITH TWO STEEL BALLS (1/2” OR 5/16”
DIA) FOR 15 MINUTES THE DETONATORS
MUST NOT FIRE OR OTHERWISE THE LOT
WILL NOT BE TAKEN IN TO USE.
 PROOF TESTING
 IMPACT TEST : THIS IS DONE TO COMPARE THE
SENSITIVITY OF THE RUN OF PRODUCTION ON
DETONATOR FILLING.
 A BLUNT STRIKER RESTING ON THE DETONATOR
IS STRUCK BY A FALLING WEIGHT. THE
CRUSHING OF THE DETONATOR MAY RESULT IN
AN IGNITION USUALLY 20 DETONATORS OF A
LOT ARE TESTED AND THE HEIGHT AND WEIGHT
ARE SUCH THAT ABOUT SIX DETONATORS
SHOULD FIRE.
 THIS TEST CAN BE USED TO DETERMINE THE
EFFECT OF DIFFERENT BATCHES OF
COMPOSITION , THE METHODS OF CLOSURE OR
ANY OTHER VARIABLES IN THE FILLING
TECHNIQUE.
 THANKS
FOR PATIENCE LISTENING