Presented by ARPAN BHASKAR CHADAR Class 12 B

To investigate the relation between the ratio of Input and output voltage and Number of turns in the secondary coil and primary coil of a self designed tranformer.

i.

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MATERIAL REQUIRED

Iron rod Copper wires (of different diameters) Two a.c. voltmeters Two a.c. ammeters.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

THEORY
The working of a transformer is based on mutual induction phenomena. Let an ideal transformer in which the primary and secondary coil have negligible resistance and all the flux in the ore links both primary and secondary windings. The induced emf in the primary coil (p)=-N(p)d/dt The induced emf in the secondry coil, (s)=-N(s)d/dt Where the is the electromagnetic flux linked with each turn of primary and secondry coil at a time of time t ,then S/ P =N(s)/N(p)=K=Transformer ratio For an ideal transformer , there is no loss of energy ,then Input power=output power I(p)/I(p) =(s)/ (p)=K

SOME APPLICATIONS OF TRANSFORMERS

Thermal power stations - Hydraulic power stations Photovoltaic power stations Energy supply to static frequency converter - Rail ways Marine Electrolysis - Oil production Feeding - Interconnection autotransformer - Motor starting autotransformer SOME APPLICATIONS FOR TRANSFORMERS THERMIC POWER STATIONS The transformer steps up the generator voltage (400V or 690V for low power stations, 6.3kV or 11kV for higher power stations) in order to adapt it to the network voltage (generally 20kV)

STEP UP TRANSFORMER

The primary coil is made of thick wire. It increases the alternating voltage.(Es>Ep)

STEP DOWN TRANSFORMER

The secondary coil is made of thick wire. It desreases the alternating voltage (Es<Ep)

PROCEDURE

Take thick iron rod and cover it with a thick paper and wind a large number of turns of thin Cu wire on thick paper. This constitutes primary coil of the transformer. Cover the primary coil with a sheet of paper and wound relatively smallar number of turns of thick Cu wire on it. This constitutes secondary coil of the transformer. Connect P1 P2 to a.c.mains (220v) and measure the input voltage and current,using a.c. voltmeter and ammeter respectivly. Similarly measure the output voltage and current through S1 S2 . Now connect the S1 S2 to a.c. mains and again measure voltage and current through primary and secondary coil of step up transformer. Repeat all steps for other self made transformer by changing number of primary turns and secondary turns in coil.

OBSERVATIONS

Least count of a.c. volt meters = Zero error volt meter = v Range of volt meter = v L.C. of a.c. ammeter = A Zero error ammeter = A Applied a.c. voltage = v

OBSERVATION TABLE
S.no. 1 No. of primary coils N(p) 2 No. of turns in second ary coil N (s) 3 Voltage Current in in p.coil primary I(2) coil E(f) 5 4 Voltage in second ary coil E(s) 6 Current in second ary coil I(s) 7 Loss of power B 8

1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

CONCLUSION
1.The output voltage of the transformer across the secondry coil depends upon the ratio (Ns/Np) w.r.t input voltage . 2.The output current of the transformer across the secondry coil depends upon the turn ratio (Ns/Np) w.r.t input current . 3.There is loss of power between input and output coil of a transformer.

PRECAUTIONS
1.Keep your self from the high voltage . 2.While taking the the reading of current and voltage ,the a.c main supply should remains constant.

SOURCE OF ERROR
1.Value of currents can be changed due to heating effect of current . 2.The eddy current can change the reading.