4G WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS

By K Arathi 096P1A0406

Contents
Introduction Features of 4G Technology used in 4G 3G Vs 4G Challenges in 4G Conclusion

Introduction

Abbreviation of fourth generation wireless technology It will provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice , data and multimedia can be given to user on an anytime , anywhere basis. It includes several types of broadband wireless communication system access including cellular telephone system. It will provide seamless mobility and internet access at a rate of 100 Mbps.

Features of 4G Networks

4G networks are all-IP (Internet Protocol) based heterogeneous networks

This will allow users to: Select any system at any time and any where
Use Multiple systems at the same time (e.g. GPS and WLANs and CDMA)

A wide range of applications using only one 4G integrated terminal

Features of 4G (cont)

Support for multimedia services like teleconferencing and wireless internet. Wider bandwidths and higher bitrates. Entirely packet-switched network. Global mobility and service portability. Support for previous wireless technologies. High internet speed. tight network security.

4G Access Network
Base Station RNC Access Gwy All IP Core Network

Base Station

Base Station

RNC

Access Gwy

Technology used in 4G
OFDM

UWB
Smart antennas IPv6

OFDM

IT transmits large amounts of digital data over a radio wave.

OFDM works by splitting the radio signal into multiple smaller sub-signals that are then transmitted simultaneously at different frequencies to the receiver . By inserting a cyclic prefix between adjacent OFDM signal inter signal interference is virtually eliminated if the max. channel delay spread is less than the time interval of cyclic prefix. In OFDM the subcarrier pulse used for transmission is rectangular.

UWB

An advanced technology that can be used in 4G technology.

It is typically detected as noise.

It can use any part of the frequency spectrum, which means that it can use frequencies that are currently in use by other radio frequency devices . It uses a frequency of 3.1 to 10.6 Hz. It uses less power , since it transmits pulse instead of continuous signal. Special antennas are needed to tune and aim the signal.

Smart Antennas
smart antenna can be employed to find tune ,and turn up signal information. smart antenna can send signal back in the same direction that they come from.

There are two types of smart antennas switched beam antenna:- It has fixed beams of transmission, and switch from predefined beam to another when the user with the phone moves throughout the sector.

Adaptive array antenna :- It represents the most advanced smart antenna approach to data using a variety of new signal It represent the most advanced smart antenna approach to date using a variety of new signal processing algorithms to locate and track the user, minimize interference, and maximize intended signal reception.

IPv6

IPv6 means Internet Protocol Version 6 .

The Internet Protocol (IP) is the method or protocol which data is sent from one computer to another on the internet.

Each computer (known as a host) on the Internet has at least one IP that uniquely identifies it from all other computers on the Internet.

It includes128 bits, which is 4 times more than 32bits IP address in IPv4.

3G Vs 4G

Challenges in 4G

Multi-access interface, timing and recovery.

Higher frequency reuse leads to smaller cells that may cause intra-cell interference or higher noise figures due to reduced power levels. The Digital to analog conversions at high data rates, multiuser detection and estimation (at base stations), smart antennas and complex error control techniques as well dynamic routing will need sophisticated signal processing. Issues in the interface with the ad hoc networks should be sorted out.

Challenges in 4G (cont)

Voice over multi-hop networks is likely to be an interesting problem because of the strict delay requirements of voice. Security will be an important issue. A new IP protocol might be needed because of the variable QoS services and the network should do " better than best " effort. Networking protocols that adapt dynamically to the changing channel conditions. Seamless roaming and seamless transfer of services.

Conclusion

The work on 4G systems has begun in the industry as well the academia. In the USA, Motorola, Lucent, AT&T, Nortel and other major companies are also working on 4G systems.

Multimedia traffic will be dominant in the future. It is estimated that voice would contribute to only 20-30 % of total traffic in the future.
A modified IP will be the universal network layer protocol in the future. The entire network would be digital and packet switched.

References

Wikipedia IEEE digital library FAQs on 4G

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