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The Spleen
VCA 341 Dr. LeeAnn Pack lpack@upei.ca
Spleen
Indications
Splenomegaly Palpable splenic mass Cranial abdominal organomegaly Lethargy, collapse Anemia, abnormal RBCs
Spleen
Ultrasound Technique
Spleen
Anatomy
Parenchyma
Homogenous, finely textured
Echogenicity
Dog: Cat: Spleen > liver > kidney Spleen = liver > kidney
Spleen
Normal Spleen
Spleen
Anatomy
Capsule
Smooth, regular, VERY echogenic
Splenic veins
Only other structure normally visualized Poorly visualized except near hilus
Whale tail
Enlargement subjective
Hilus
Check for lymphadenopathy
Spleen
Splenic Hilus
Spleen
Pathology
Diffuse splenomegaly
Congestion Torsion Inflammation/septicemia Neoplasia
Lymphosarcoma Mast cell tumor
Spleen
Pathology
Spleen
Diffuse Splenomegaly
Normal echogenicity can occur with lymphosarcoma & mast cell tumor
Spleen
Non Homogenous
Spleen
Focal/Multifocal Lesions
Hypoechoic
Neoplasia Abscess Acute infarct Nodular hyperplasia
Spleen
Focal/Multifocal Lesions
Hyperechoic
Neoplasia Abscess Chronic infarct Nodular hyperplasia
Mixed echogenicity
Neoplasia Hematoma Abscess Nodular hyperplasia
Spleen
Splenic Mass
Spleen
Splenic Mass
Spleen
Splenic Infarct
Spleen
Torsion
Spleen
Torsion
Spleen
Neoplasia
Lymphosarcoma
Diffuse or focal/multifocal Hypoechoic or hyperechoic Can appear normal
Spleen
Lymphosarcoma
Spleen
Hemangiosarcoma
Spleen
Neoplasia
Other neoplasms
Mast cell tumor, leiomyoma, etc.
Spleen
Spleen
Definitive Diagnosis
Ultrasonic appearance of most splenic diseases non-specific Consider history, signalment, clinical signs Fine needle aspirate useful Biopsy generally not performed
Spleen
Rupture
Spleen
Thrombosis
Spleen
Splenic Thrombus
Spleen
Myelolipoma