TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT

Prepared by:

Kalyani Laxman Pawar

Introduction
Our Traffic Management Centre monitors and manages Kents traffic through the following functions: Monitoring and managing traffic flow We can help relieve congestion and manage traffic flow through the urban traffic control system. The system controls traffic signals and crossings, constantly finding the most efficient settings for the traffic conditions. This means we can keep delays to road traffic and pedestrians to a minimum. Managing traffic signals We are responsible for installing and maintaining traffic lights and pedestrian crossings throughout Kent. They are there to improve safety, manage busy traffic on our roads, help traffic to flow smoothly and reduce pollution. We also repair all traffic signal faults as efficiently as possible. If you notice a problem with a traffic light, please tell us about it using our online fault reporting form, or call us 24 hours a day on 08458 247 800. We are the first local authority to change all traffic and pedestrian signal heads, and push button wait lamps, to light emitting diode technology (LED) to reduce energy costs and carbon emissions. All new traffic and pedestrian signal heads and push buttons will be installed using LED technology. All new traffic signal controllers will use new low voltage technology to further reduce energy and carbon emissions.

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Abstract: The theme for well-architected solutions is maintaining application continuity, which requires a solution to have a logical application presence. The delivery of application services based on the Web Network Architecture (WNA) Application Traffic Management (ApplTM) provides highly scalable performance and aligns with established operational methodology.

While Network Traffic Management (NTM) solutions have their role in networks, they are not infrastructure for the majority of large distributed networks. The challenges with deep packet inspection in the network and lack of operational visibility will keep them relegated to limited tasks.
It has and always will be about the applications in IT, but for the first time the application architecture is truly driving change. As architects it's important to be on the front-end of that curve and enjoy the longevity of your efforts.

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT
Traffic management is a process of adjusting or adapting the existing road network to improve traffic operations without major construction. Traffic management objectives may include:
Traffic efficiency
Road capacity

Improved environment amenity

Reduced noise

Enhanced access
Better access for particular group of road users
Pedestrians Bicyclists Freight vehicles

Road safety

These objectives may potentially be in conflict of each other, so priorities may have to be determined.

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT PURPOSE .

The purpose of Traffic Management are:
Reduce the accident rate. Minimize collisions between vehicles pedestrians. Able to reach their destination safely Manage and control parking Traffic moving smoothly Identify the amount and traffic signs
and

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT TECHNIQUES.

There are 4 techniques of traffic management:
Physical management of the road system Instruct form and traffic regulation management. Management of information to road users Management of payment for traffic facilities.

PHYSICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE ROAD SYSTEM

PHYSICAL MANAGEMENT OF THE ROAD SYSTEM ARE:

Separation of traffic flow Junction improvement Geometry repair local area Physical detention traffic flow Changes in height, surface texture and alignment for traffic control purposes. Introduction of traffic coordination control phase Modification of traffic signs and road marking. Provision of public transport Improvements and landscaping and road equipment. Control of parking areas Metered ramp.

INSTRUCT FORM AND TRAFFIC REGULATION MANAGEMENT.

INSTRUCT FORM AND TRAFFIC REGULATION MANAGEMENT ARE:
Traffic control Turning movement barriers One-way street Limiting vehicle speed Tidal flow method Road markings.

MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION TO ROAD USERS

MANAGEMENT OF INFORMATION TO ROAD USERS ARE:
Traffic direction sign Control traffic route Campaign passenger vehicle program, reduce congestion and volume of vehicles on the road with the method:
Sharing vehicles Public transport priority.

MANAGEMENT OF PAYMENT FOR TRAFFIC FACILITIES.

MANAGEMENT OF PAYMENT FOR TRAFFIC FACILITIES ARE:
Parking Management Method of additional license Reward system path Appreciation siege Physical barrier

TRAFFIC MANAGEMENT SYMBOLS

CAR PARK
The effects of parking on traffic flow:
To avoid disruption to the moving vehicle. Can reduce accidents Be used as a retention mechanism for consumers roads in congested areas. Can reduce pollution.

METHOD OF PREPARING INVENTORY OF CAR PARK AREA

Methods use for parking study:
Inventory of parking space Use placeholders in patrol car Use of parking space in the questionnaire Measure the volume Origin and destination

INVENTORY PREPARATION METHODS

Inventory preparation methods:
Data related to the space, location and a potentially bound to parking. Detailed study area with the mark in the form of maps / plans. Divides the study area into several areas according to the road. Parking spaces on a smaller scale or not gazetted should also be taken into account. Data relating to parking facilities that have registered are as follows:
The amount and length of the road. The amount of space available on the street somewhere. Bus and taxi stops, pedestrian crossings. Road management methods such as one-way streets, turn restrictions etc. The amount and types of traffic signs. Private streets. Vacant land, suitable derelict parking space.

CAR PARK LOCATIONS

The location of the car park:
Easy in and out of the vehicle. Safe travel for pedestrians to and from the parking. Parking should be distributed in a suitable area to reduce the walking distance. Congestion rate and minimal interference with traffic on surrounding streets.

Contd
Benefits of parking space availability:
To avoid disruption to the moving vehicle. Can reduce accidents Be used as a retention mechanism for the use of roads in congested areas. Can reduce pollution.

TYPES OF PARKING SPACE

Types of parking space.
Parking meter - meter zone of having all parking is prohibited except in lots marked. Tape parking - offering drivers free parking along the road which is not marked on time, display the windscreen tape, the tape shows the compassion and time to leave the car park. Off-street parking - Car space parked in the open area. Parking in the building

CAR PARK AREA CONTROL METHODS

Control of parking area is made with:
Limitation Parking meter Car park Tape

LIMITATION
Limitation
Usually provided in areas frequented as a shopping center. Some areas can park at the curb but not during peak hours. But these methods have difficulty in enforcement and expenses. Therefore, the need of attendants to record the times.

PARKING METER
Parking Meter
Widely used in areas with high traffic. There are a good number of parking meters: Parking areas clearly marked and drivers will continue to monitor that it will not put the car in other places. Parking easily adjusted. Time for car parking will be reduced Payment for parking street tape encourage private enterprise to finance and provide off-road parking.

CAR PARK TAPE

Car Park Tape
Offer drivers free parking along the road that is not marked on time, bring up the tape in the car mirror, tape shows the arrival time and the time to leave the car park. There are some disadvantages of this system are:
No results were released. Traffic wardens are needed to control. Drivers coming from outside the area have difficulty in obtaining tapes parking.

PARKING CONTROL
Parking control
Raising parking fees with high levels (using public transport, walking distance to avoid high fees - to avoid congestion). Prevent the placement of the car for a long time. (must include all of the parking spaces, whether private / handled by the authorities - can reduce the private entrance to the city center. Limiting parking space to selected persons. (for those who live or work in the area)

ACCIDENT
Road accident is a disaster happening every day in our country, especially during festive seasons or holidays. There are three main factors contributing to the accident, namely: Human Careless attitude / not responsible Not comply with the regulations set age The road condition Slippery road conditions, narrow Inappropriate road design, especially at the corners Vehicle Conditions smooth tires brake wear vehicle modifications

Contd
Traffic management can minimize the road accidents by:
Held a toll system at the entrance to the city. Prohibit parking on the streets critical areas Build a pedestrian bridge and build a fence in the middle of the road under bridge so pedestrians are forced to use overhead bridges Widening of the critical path Organize car sharing program Hold a parking zone in the city's central coast and at the foot of the street. Provide a 'zebra crossing' if it is at the crossroads and made 'sharp corner' at the junction. Ban on heavy vehicles through the City Hold time zone.

CONCLUSION
The experience in the application of an open architecture for a real time decision support problem such as the one described in this paper has shown the feasibility and advantages of this approach both for development and maintenance. During the process of development both the generic conceptual model and its contents have been modified several times without relevant losses of time and resources. Also, a good level of user system interaction is available through explanations so it is easy for the user to take decisions based on the system advice. In the last years, there has been an important increase in the use of advanced information technology applied to adaptive traffic management in urban areas. In addition to the usual signals at intersections whose state may be changed from a remote control centre, there are other control resources such us ramp metering, variable message signs (VMS) or advisory radio systems, which provide a high capability for traffic management from control centres. In big cities, the number of these control devices is so great that automatic tools are necessary to help control centre personnel consistently determine the best control strategy for each traffic situation, for example, by ensuring that traffic signal timing is consistent with messages on VMS panels.