RATIONALE FOR DISASTER PREVENTION AND LOSS CONTROL

ACACIO, Lalaine Mae AVE, Catherine DE LEON, Jo-anna DY, Paulo FERRER, Lara MALICDEM, Maureen MAGTOTO, Ehra

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DISASTER

is a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the communitys or societys ability to cope using its own resources.

Figure 1: The Disaster Cycle

CLASSIFICATION OF DISASTER Natural Disasters Acts of God are naturally occurring physical phenomena caused either by rapid or slow onset events which can be geophysical,

Technological or Human are Engineered events that are Disasters by caused humans and occur inor close to human settlements.

Natural Disasters

Technological Disasters

Disaster Management

Is the organization and management of resources and responsibilities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies, in particular preparedness, response and recovery in order to lessen the impact of disasters.

3 Phases of Disaster Management

1)

Disaster Preparedness It refers to measures taken to prepare for and reduce the effects of disasters.

To predict and prevent disasters, mitigate vulnerable their impact on and populations,

2) Disaster Response

The

primary

aims

of

disaster from

response of the

are physical

rescue and

immediate danger and stabilization emotional condition of survivors.

Examples are recovery of the dead and the restoration of essential

3) Disaster Recovery

It refers to programs which assist those who have suffered the full impact of a disaster to rebuild their homes, lives and services and to strengthen their capacity to cope with future disasters.

DISASTER PLANNING ISSUES

1) -) -)

Occupant Issues Regular Occupants Transient (Temporary) occupants

2) Building Issues 3) Business Issues

 DEVELOPING A DISASTER RECOVERY PLAN

Objectives of a Disaster Recovery Plan

to anticipate key risk factors and reduce them to ensure that staff are well trained (with regular updates) at detecting and responding to incidents and the disasters that they might escalate to and are efficient in the disaster recovery process

to get the organization back on its feet and operating as quickly and as safely as possible, a particularly important objective in organizations with public programs.

Steps in developing a Disaster Recovery Plan

Phase I. Identify Business Issues Phase II. Prioritize Critical Business Needs Phase III. Develop The Recovery Plan

LOSS CONTROL

What is Loss Control?

Reducing & eliminating the occurrence of undesired events through engineering controls, enforcement of established procedures, frequent training and continuous evaluation.

Undesired Events
Not an Accident, but a Loss Incident 3 Causes 1. Lack of Control

2. Basic Causes 3. Immediate Causes

Lack of Control

Inadequate Systems

Program in place hire, train and evaluate desirable associates. Procedures in place to perform critical tasks

Inadequate Standards

Inadequate Compliance with Standards

Established standards are not enforced

Basic Causes
Basic Causes have 2 major categories 1. Personal Factors

2.

Environmental

Inadequate Capability lack of Knowledge Lack of Shill Inadequate Leadership Inadequate Equipment Inadequate Engineering

Immediate Causes
The unsafe act or condition that caused the event to occur. 2 Categories 1. Substandard Acts (Behavior)
Improper Lifting Failure to Lock Out equipment Using Equipment improperly

2.

Substandard Conditions

Inadequate Guards Defective Tools Inadequate Illumination

Mitigation

is a planning and prevention technique, involves taking those actions that will reduce the impact of a disaster occurrence on occupants, the building itself and the various business components.

 LOSS PREVENTION STRATEGIES

Key Elements in Developing a Loss Prevention Strategy

1) Identify the scope of a disaster
Criteria for determination of a disaster:

a)

Impact of a disaster to the

proper functioning of a business entity b) Actions to prevent a disaster

2) Nature of business operations 3) Time Frames - Determination of the level of downtime, which is the allowable time for using alternate procedures for a business to function again. 4) Cost -Alternative procedures used to maintain the business function should be cost-effective.

Purpose of Loss Prevention

Take actions which can reduce the occurrence of a disaster Take actions which can minimize potential losses

Strategies to meet the Purposes of Loss Prevention

1) Develop policy

loss

prevention

The management must give their 100% commitment to this program of loss prevention Areas of loss prevention must be identified Key levels of authority for implementing loss prevention must

2) Identify and evaluate all hazards

Assigned personnel for a particular loss prevention area must be able to identify all possible hazards to ensure the safety of other personnel.

3) Determine Priorities

Recovery

All operational requirements of a company must be identified to ensure continuous operations

4) Develop the loss prevention program

- Nature of disaster

For a successful and appropriate loss prevention program, the following factors must be considered:

- Vulnerability of a particular risk

Loss prevention techniques

Flood Loss

Floods and ash ooding almost always occur in Metro Manila and many other states in the US. Areas at particular risk are those located in

low-lying areas near water downstream from a dam

According to FEMA1, oods are the most widespread of all disasters, with the exception of re. Most communities in the United States is expected to experience some ooding after:

spring rains heavy thunderstorms or winter snow thaws.

Dam failures -are potentially the worst ood event . -is usually the result of

Neglect poor design or structural damage caused by a major event such as earthquake When a dam fails, a gigantic quantity of water is suddenly let loose downstream, destroying anything in its path.

Watches Versus Warnings

A flood watch advisory is issued when ooding is possible within an area. A ood warning advisory is issued when a ood is in progress or when ooding is imminent. When ood warnings are issued, immediate preventive measures should be initiated.

Preventive measures may include actions such as: relocating building contents to areas within the facility that are above predicted ood levels initiating electrical system shutdown procedures readying evacuation procedures and even intentionally ooding below-grade areas.

Post Flood Assessment

All re protection equipment and systems to determine operability. The building structure, with particular attention to foundation damage. Any damage caused by oating debris, including waste products. Any damage to worksite records, documentation and other types of work-in-progress.

Records Recovery
Records recovery issues that should be addressed include: Post-ood records access. Damage assessment. Salvage planning. Removal and packing of waterdamaged records and data. Records/data disposal. Vacuum and freeze drying processes. Storage.

A well-organized records recovery plan not only reduces the costs of salvage and restoration, it also minimizes the impact on those functions that are essential to business continuity.

REFERENCES
[2] Saltbones, O.A. (2006). Disaster Definitions. Retrieved from http:// www.jhsph.edu/research/centers-and-institutes/center-for-refugee-and-disaster[3] Davis, I. Emergency Health Training Programme for Africa. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/disasters/repo/5506.pdf [4] http://www.doe.gov.bz/documents/EIA/False%20Caye%20EIA%20%20PDF%20Version/Chapter%208%20Disaster%20Management.pdf Retrieved August 30,2012.

[1] International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies. Disaster Management. Retrieved August 27, 2012 from http://www.ifrc.org/en/what-we-do/disaster-management/about-disasters/definit

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