Filipino Culture:

Nature and Problem areas

What are Values?

VALUES
expressions of ultimate ends, goals, or purposes of social action. societys moral imperatives Standards

something (as a principle or quality) intrinsically valuable or desirable (Webster)

 Standards and principles for judging what is correct or incorrect behavior.

- Terminal - Instrumental (end state) ( mode of behavior)

The Study of values

To identify the values operative in a given society, one may apply the four-fold test

1. Extensiveness
2. Duration 3. Intensity 4. Prestige of its carrier

Forces that Shape Contemporary Filipino Values

Filipinos are cosmopolitan in nature Oriental and occidental

Under Spain
Compadre system Oppressive policies hatred for manual labor

Americanization
Preference for the academic white-collar occupations Use of honorific titles Diploma system Materialism and consumerism

Filipinization
Filipinos have displayed a remarkable adaptability, resulting in a many-sided cultural heritage.

Dichotomy outlook
Occiriental

Value Orientations
1. Non-rationalism 2. Personalism 3. Particularism 4. Nationalism Rationalism Impersonalism Universalism Internationalism

Non-rationalism

Rationalism

Non- rationalism involves an uncritical acceptance, reverence, and protection of tradition and rituals.
Rationalism involves a belief that by systematic planning, studying, and training, one can actively control his/her destiny.

Bahala na mentality
Dependence on the spirits Segurista Lack of punctuality Awa Dependence on the espiritista, the mangkukulam Underlies determination, courage, fortitude and willingness to face danger Tiyaga

Bahala na
1. Itinalaga ng Diyos 2. Iginuhit ng tadhana 3. Gulong ng palad 4. Malas 5. Napasubo

Status-oriented behavior
Hiya (Shame-oriented) Utang na loob

Amor propio (hele-hele, bago quiere or pakipot and delicadesa)

Smooth Interpersonal Relationships or SIR (saying no - Kuwan, marahil, tila nga and pipilitin ko and pakikisama)

Fr. Bulatao: Authoritarian, dictatorial Flaunts to everyone that he or she is boss

Stifles initiative, selfreliance and sharing of ideas

Ruben Santos Cuyugans view: Paternalism Greater consideration to status Subjectivity or emotionalism Demoralization or inefficiency

Collers view: Status-oriented rather than function-oriented

Imitative (gaya-gaya)
Faade, palabas, pakitang-tao, pagyayabang Escapists

Filipino Female
Patient suffering Double-standard of morality

Personalism - Impersonalism
Personalism attaches major importance to personal factor which guaranties intimacy, warmth, and security of kinship, and friendship in getting things done.

Inpersonalism refers to the tendency to eliminate the influence of friendship or kinship in working situations.

Personalism
Nepotism, favoritism and particularism Graft and corruption Roundabout way Pakiusap, areglo and lakad

Particularism - Universalism
Particularism refers to a person whose concern is centered on sub-groups.
Universalism refers to a person whose main concern is the advancement of collective or national good.

Particularistic
Tayo-tayo Compadres, ninong, bayaw, inaanak, etc. Regionalistic

Nationalism - Internationalism
Nationalism is the advocacy of making ones own nation distinct and separate from others in intellectual, social, cultural, economic, political and moral matters.
Internationalism refers to equal or more preference to other nations culture.

Nationalism
Ethnocentricism, racism, xenophobia National amnesia and colonial mentality Lack of national integration

*Summary*