21.

1 Introduction
Who was the president during the Civil War? Abraham Lincoln elected in 1860. Between 1820 and 1860, slavery becomes a major issue and several compromises were made, ending only in more problems.

5 years later

21.2 What Were the Issues Surrounding Slavery?

Why was there no slavery north of the Ohio River? Northwest Ordinance of 1787 banned slavery north of the Ohio River. What did Congress always try to keep equal? Congress had always tried to keep the number of slave states and free states equal.

No Slaves

Why Was there a Problem with Missouri (1820)?

Whats the problem with the Ohio River being the dividing line b/t free and slave states? Missouri wanted to be admitted as a slave state, but most of it was north of where the Ohio River would be (it was west of the Mississippi River). Raised the question: Should slavery be allowed in the Louisiana Territory?

Most of Missouri is north of the Ohio River

Why Was Congress Deadlocked?

North had more votes in the House, but equal representation in the Senate. Southerners could keep slavery legal with equal votes in Senate. How? (What needs to happen to pass a bill?) What happens if MO enters as a free state? If MO entered as a free state, South would lose its power in the Senate.

21.3 What was the Missouri Compromise (1820)?

Whats a good compromise (Maine also wants statehood)? Maine was admitted as a free state and MO was admitted as a slave state. Clay comes up with compromise: North of the 36 30 slavery would be banned (except for Missouri). The compromise pleased no one, but it quieted the slavery debate for a while, and it kept the number of free states and slave states equal.

The Missouri Compromise

21.4 Why Did the Missouri Compromise Unravel?

1836 Congress voted to table all anti-slavery petitions. Abolitionists called this the gag rule. This is a violation of which amendment? Southerners demanded that Congress pass fugitive slave laws to recapture runaways. Southerners thought helping a slave escape was like robbing a bank.

What Was The Underground Railroad? It was the routes slaves took to escape to the North.

What About the Territories and CA (1846-1849)?

Wilmot Proviso: No slaves in territory from Mexico. Passed the House but rejected in the Senate. Again, Congress was deadlocked on what to do when CA wanted to be admitted as a free state in 1849.

California admitted as a free state in 1849

21.5 What Was the Compromise of 1850?

CA would be admitted as a free state. What happens to Utah and NM Territories? New Mexico and Utah would be open to slavery. Slave trade would be banned in Washington, DC. Strong fugitive slave law.

Before the compromise

After the compromise

The Compromise of 1850 was accepted.

21.6 Why Didnt the Compromise Satisfy Anyone?

Slave owners were furious that the law didnt do enough to ensure return of slaves. Northerners felt the law made slave catchers of every citizen.

What Was Uncle Toms Cabin? What Was Uncle Toms Cabin

Written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. What do you think its about? About a cruel slaveholder named Legree, and a slave named Uncle Tom. The purpose of the book was to turn people away from slavery.

What Was the Kansas-Nebraska Act?

1854 the Kansas-Nebraska Act is passed. The Kansas and Nebraska Territories were allowed to decide for themselves if they wanted slavery (popular sovereignty). Pro and anti slavery settlers moved to Kansas. What do you think happened next? The 2 sides turned to violence. The South invaded Lawrence (home of the anti-slavery government). 2 days later, John Brown and 7 men invaded a southern town and killed 5 pro-slavers. The violence between pro and anti slavery forces became known as Bleeding Kansas.

Kansas-Nebraska Territory

Preston Brooks Beating Charles Sumner

 Dred Scott was a slave that was taken north after the MO Compromise, and argued that b/c of this he was a free man. Decision: Scott couldnt sue for his freedom b/c he was not a citizen. MO Compromise was unconstitutional. Slavery would be allowed in the territories. Why was MO Compromise unconstitutional?

What Was the Dred Scott Decision(1857)?

Dred Scott

Chief Justice Roger B. Taney

Impact of the Dred Scott Case

How Did All of This Turn into a Crisis?

John Brown tried to seize a federal arsenal at Harpers Ferry and arm slaves to incite a massive revolt. This was quickly crushed and Brown was executed. This made a hero of Brown among abolitionists. Lincoln elected in 1860. Ran on the Republican ticket, who were based on anti-slavery. Election showed how divided the nation was over slavery. South quickly began talking of secession.

John Browns Execution

How Did Secession Occur?

Lincoln was prepared to let South have slaves, but didnt want slavery extending into territories. South Carolina is first state to secede, 6 others follow soon after. 1 month later, SC began shelling Ft. Sumter until it surrendered. The Civil War had begun