ES 200 Second Half Semester 18+ Lectures

Professor Anurag Garg Professor Subhankar Karmakar Professor Virendra Sethi CESE

In Service of YOU

Professor Arcievala:
Three things I learnt at Harvard:
1. Quantification 2. Library work and 3. Apprenticeship

Air Quality
Lecture 2
Virendra Sethi vsethi@iitb.ac.in 7809
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Lets Get Started

ES 200 Environmental Studies

Air Quality

Pre-course Quiz not for grade Phew !!! Thank God for small mercies !!!

What is Air Pollution ?

Perception
Visible Odour

What is clean air ?

78% Nitrogen + 21% Oxygen + 1% Trace 340 ppm CO2 (0.034%) (YEAR ???) Water Heat Released/Absorbed
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Lifecycles/Statistics
Capacity of the earth system as a sink
Feasibility (thermodynamics) Proximity

Characteristic times
Kinetics Sulphur, Carbon, Nitrogen, Halogen Containing Compounds Cycles

Statistics
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Scales
Local > Regional > Global Earth : Apple :: Atmosphere : Skin Ambient : Indoor Dispersion and Mixing
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Class Exercise
Given : Regulatory Limit for SO2 in Ambient Air is
80 mg/m3 (0.03 ppm) for annual average 1300 mg/m3 (0.5 ppm) for 3 hour average

How many grams of Sulphur, if burnt in this lecture Hall, would pose a health risk to you ?
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 S + O2 = SO2 32 gm S gives 64 gm of SO2

X gm will give 2X gm
Mixed in how much volume ? Will lead to exposure concentration

Actual Question then is

What is the volume of air in this Hall (in m3 ) ?

Prizes to be Won

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Caution

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Results from Previous Year

100000000 10000000
Estimated Volume of FCKohli Auditorium (m3)

1000000

100000

10000

Series1

1000

100

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1 0 20 40 60 80 Students 100 120 140 160 180

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Results
RANGE
20 mg of Sulphur (panic buttons for no reason) 8 kg of Sulphur (dead people with Karma to blame)

Low Sulphur diesel YET ? Ships affecting coastal cities ?

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Air Quality
Lecture 2
Virendra Sethi vsethi@iitb.ac.in 7809
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How do we manage Air Quality ?

At the source itself
Industry Vehicles Dust Home cooking

After the source

Dispersion and Mixing
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Mixing/Dispersion
Meteorology
Vertical
Temperature
Lapse Rate

Horizontal
Wind
Speed Direction

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Dispersion Gaussian Plume

WIND

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Wind Rose

1 knot = 1.82 km/hr

http://www.epa.gov/ttn/naaqs/ozone/areas/wind.htm#dlfi

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 Wind roses are divided into 16 wind directions Each wind direction is divided into wind speeds As the percent of time the wind blows from a particular directions gets larger, the portion of the bar representing the wind speed gets larger both in length and width
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Mixing/Dispersion
Meteorology
Vertical
Temperature
Lapse Rate

Horizontal
Wind
Speed Direction

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http://www.ldeo.columbia.edu/edu/dees/ees/climate/slides/atmprofile.gif

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Lapse Rates
Atmosphere cools with height
What rate ?
Dry (Adiabatic) Wet (Adiabatic) 10C/km 6C/km

(Release of heat with condensation)

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ADIABATIC (1C/100 m) 1100 m ACTUAL 19 C Air Parcel at 1100 m 20 C Air Parcel

1000 m (say)

18 C

19 C

20 C

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ADIABATIC (1C/100 m) 1100 m

1000 m (say)

20 C Air Parcel

900 m 21 C Air Parcel at 1100 m ACTUAL

20 C

21C

22 C

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1100 m

19 C Air Parcel at 1100 m 20 C Air Parcel ADIABATIC (1C/100 m)

1000 m (say)

ACTUAL 19C 19.5 C 20 C

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Adiabatic Actual

WIND

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Scenarios

Adiabatic Actual

Height

Temperature

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Scenarios

Adiabatic Actual

Height

Temperature

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Scenarios

Adiabatic Actual

Height

Temperature

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Stability

Average Wet Lapse Rate

Dry Lapse Rate

Stable

Height

Unstable

Temperature
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http://www.tpub.com/content/aerographer/14312/css/14312_47.htm

Match the Profile

Unstable
Stable

Plumes

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(Adapted from Masters, 1997)

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Match the Profile

Unstable
Stable

Plumes

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

(Adapted from Masters, 1997)

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Review
Dispersion and Mixing Influenced by : Wind
Speed Direction Wind Rose

Temperature Lapse Rates

Dry adiabatic Wet Adiabatic Stability
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Contextual Communication
Where to stand when participating in this course :
Good Citizen OR Decision Maker How would this apply to my home city ?

Grading :
20 Questions : 20 Answers

Home Work
Please study the film An Inconvenient Truth (Al Gore)
before the March 21st Class

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