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  • Blood Transfusion

    Transféré par

    Sarah Uy Caronan
    1K vues14 pages
    Blood transfusion is the process of receiving blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used in a variety of medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, clotting factors, and platelets. Units of packed red blood cells are typically only recommended when a person's hemoglobin levels fall below 8g/dL.[1] One may consider transfusion for people with symptoms of cardiovascular disease such as chest pain or shortness of breath.[1] Globally around 85 million units of red blood cells are transfused in a given year.[1] In cases where patients have low levels of hemoglobin but are cardiovascularly stable, parenteral iron is increasingly a preferred option based on both efficacy and safety.[2] Other blood fractions are given where appropriate, such as clotting deficiencies.

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    Blood transfusion is the process of receiving blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used in a variety of medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, clotting factors, and platelets. Units of packed red blood cells are typically only recommended when a person's hemoglobin levels fall below 8g/dL.[1] One may consider transfusion for people with symptoms of cardiovascular disease such as chest pain or shortness of breath.[1] Globally around 85 million units of red blood cells are transfused in a given year.[1] In cases where patients have low levels of hemoglobin but are cardiovascularly stable, parenteral iron is increasingly a preferred option based on both efficacy and safety.[2] Other blood fractions are given where appropriate, such as clotting deficiencies.

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    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PPT, PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    1K vues14 pages

    Blood Transfusion

    Transféré par

    Sarah Uy Caronan
    Blood transfusion is the process of receiving blood products into one's circulation intravenously. Transfusions are used in a variety of medical conditions to replace lost components of the blood. Early transfusions used whole blood, but modern medical practice commonly uses only components of the blood, such as red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, clotting factors, and platelets. Units of packed red blood cells are typically only recommended when a person's hemoglobin levels fall below 8g/dL.[1] One may consider transfusion for people with symptoms of cardiovascular disease such as chest pain or shortness of breath.[1] Globally around 85 million units of red blood cells are transfused in a given year.[1] In cases where patients have low levels of hemoglobin but are cardiovascularly stable, parenteral iron is increasingly a preferred option based on both efficacy and safety.[2] Other blood fractions are given where appropriate, such as clotting deficiencies.

    Droits d'auteur :

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Téléchargez comme PPT, PDF, TXT ou lisez en ligne sur Scribd
    Signaler comme contenu inapproprié
    sur 14

    BLOOD TRANSFUSION:

    Nsg Mgt & principles BT



    Proper refrigeration Proper typing & crossmatching Type O universal donor AB universal recipient 85% of people is RH (+) Aseptically assemble all materials needed:
    Filter set Isotonic or PNSS or .9NaCl to prevent Hemolysis

    Nsg Mgt & principles BT


    Blood transfusion should be completed < 4hrs because blood that is exposed at room temp causes blood deterioration. Avoid mixing or administering drug at BT line leads to hemolysis Regulate BT 10 15 gtts/min KVO or 100cc/hr for 15 min. to prevent circulatory overload Monitor VS before, during & after BT especially q15 mins

    Nsg Mgt & principles BT

    Needle gauge 18 - 19 or large bore needle to prevent hemolysis. Check blood unit for presence of bubbles, cloudiness, dark in color & sediments indicates bacterial contamination. Never warm blood products may destroy vital factors in blood. Within 30 mins room temp only!

    Complications/ reactions of BT
    HEMOLYTIC REACTION incompatability between clients blood and donors blood. Clinical Signs: Headache, chills, backache, chest pain, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypotension hypotension,

    Nsg Mgt: Hemolytic Reaction:



    Stop BT Notify Doc Flush with plain NSS Administer isotonic fluid sol to prevent acute tubular necrosis & conteract shock Send blood unit to blood bank for reexamination Obtain urine & blood samples of pt & send to lab for reexamination Monitor VS & Allergic Rxn

    ALLERGIC REACTION sensitivity to infused plasma proteins (mild) and antibody-antigen reaction (severe) Clinical Signs Mild flushing, itching, bronchial wheezing Severe dyspnea, chest pain, circulatory collapse, cardiac arrest

    Nursing Mgt:Allergic Rxn


    Stop BT Notify Doc Flush with PNSS Administer antihistamine diphenhydramine Hcl (Benadryl). If (+) Hypotension anaphylactic shock administer epinephrine Send blood unit to blood bank

    Febrile rection
    -- may occur because of the presence of bacterial pyrogens; sensitivity of the pts blood to WBC, platelets, or plasma proteinns. Clinical signs : fever, chills, warm, flushed skin, headache, anxiety, muscle pain

    Management : -- D/C BT; IV line is kept open w/ PNSS; notify the physician and the blood bank; pts temp is monitored for 30 min.; administer anti-pyretic as ordered by the physician.

    Circulatory overload

    Blood administered faster than circulation can accommodate Clinical Signs: Dyspnea Distended neck vein Tachycardia; HPN Cyanosis Sudden anxiety

    Nsg Mgnt :
    -- Position pt upright with feet dependent -- D/C BT -- Keep IV line patent at KVO rate. -- Notify the physician -- Administer diuretics and oxygen as ordered.

    Septic Reaction
    Results from transfusion of blood or components contaminated with bacteria Clinical Signs: High fever with chills Vomiting; diarrhea Marked hypotension

    Management:
    -- Stop the BT -- Notify physician Keep vein open w/ PNSS Send remaining blood to laboratory Administer IVF and antibiotics

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