Hemp Seed, a Natural Source of Functional Food Ingredients

Contributors
Anndrea Hermann M.Sc., P. Ag Dr. Roman Przybylski Dr. Miyoung Suh Dr. James D. House Kelly Fitzpatrick M.Sc. Boris Baas Sacha Roth-Masson, B.Sc. Benilda Sable, M.Sc.

PART I.

Nutritional Properties of Hemp Seed

Biological Components of Hemp Seed

Hemp Seed

Hull 21-34%

Groat 66-79%

Composition of Hemp Seed

Fat 35-37% Protein 25-27% Fibre 29%
80% PUFA 11% Mono 9% Sat 0% Trans

Hemp Seed

Carbohydrate 30-32%

Sugar 2%

Composition of Selected Crops

(Contribution %)

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Hemp Soybean Wheat Flax Canola Protein Fat Fibre

Protein in Hemp Seed

o The main role of dietary protein is to supply amino acids for growth and regeneration of body tissue. o Hemp protein contains all 18 key amino acids and also contains all of the essential amino acids that our body can not produce itself. o Hemp protein is free of trypsin-inhibitors. Trypsin is a key enzyme that breaks down peptide bonds in proteins enabling more efficient protein uptake in the human body. o Hemp Protein is all natural, plant based, high quality and allergenfree.

Comparison of selected foods

Food Soybean Hemp seed, shelled Hamburger beef Blue fish Cheddar cheese Chicken Hemp seed, whole Almonds Wheat flour Egg Tofu Rice Skimmed milk Protein Content 35,0 % 32,0 % 27,1 % 26,0 % 23,5 % 23,5 % 23,0 % 18,3 % 13,3 % 12,0 % 8,0 % 7,5 % 3,7 %

Why hemp: high protein content

Hemp Seed (Shelled Hemp,~32%; Whole Hemp: ~26%) Contain all of the essential amino acids that the body can not make itself High in branched amino acids (~40%) o Leucine, Isoleucine and Valine comprise 30% of the amino acids in muscle High in Arginine- which is the dietary precursor to nitric oxide which plays a key role in the health of the cardiovascular system. Hemp Protein Powder (43%and 50% protein) Helps with: Muscle protein turnover in athletic performance Body invigorator/anti-fatigue effect Preliminary studies have identified positive reduction of hypertension

Nutritional Quality of Plant Protein

(%)

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Hemp Soybean Egg Wheat Protein content Digestibility Biological value

Ratio of Essential Amino Acids Content in Plant Proteins

(Ratio %)

160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Lys His Met Val Leu Ile Thr Phe Trp Hemp Soybean Wheat

Gluten Free Proteins in Hemp

o Gluten = storage proteins (prolamins) present in wheat, rye, barley, and oats. o Celiac disease - gluten proteins trigger autoimmune response that damages the lining of the small intestine. A multi-system, multisymptom disease, difficult to diagnose. Ca. 1 in 133 people (> 2.5 million people in the U.S.) o Hempseed and protein - no detectable gluten proteins at a detection level of 10 ppm (0,001%). o Max. level to declare gluten-free is <20 ppm.

Carbohydrates

Whole Hemp Seeds o Dietary Fibre Insoluble Soluble o Total Sugars 29% 27% 2% 2%

Hempseed Dietary Fibre

o Insoluble Fibre Laxation Effects Maintain Digestive System o Soluble Fibre Lowers Blood Cholesterol Levels Heart Disease Moderates Blood Glucose Levels Diabetes

Oil Content in Oilseeds

(Contribution %)

45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 Hemp Soybean Olive Canola Corn Sunflower

Oil Composition
(Contribution %)

80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Hemp Soybean Olive Canola Corn Sunflower

Saturated Monounsaturated Polyunsaturated

Ratio of n-6 to n-3 fatty acids in oils

Optimal Ratio Soybean Canola 3-5 7 2

Sunflower
Corn Olive Borage Evening Primrose Hemp

220
35 10 2 391 3

Essential Fatty Acids

(Contribution %)

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0
Hemp Soybean Olive Canola Corn Sunflower

Linoleic (Omega 6) Alpha-linolenic (Omega 3)

Unique Fatty Acids

(Contribution %)

16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 Hemp Evening Primrose Borage Gamma-linolenic (GLA) Omega 6 Stearidonic (SDA) Omega 3

Fatty Acids in Special Oils

(Contribution %)

70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Hemp Evening Primrose Borage Linoleic (LA) Alphalinolenic (ALA) Oleic

Hemp Fatty Acids - Health Effects

ALA intakes of 0.53 to 2.8 g/d reduced the risk of:
Cardiovascular disease events by 39% (Djousse et al., 2001) Fatal ischemic heart disease by 45% (Hu et al., 1999) All-cause mortality in upper quintile of intake (Dolecek et al., 1992) Each 1g/day intake associated with 47% reduction in CVD risk in low seafood eaters (Mozaffarian, 2005)

ALA reduces inflammatory biomarkers SDA increases plasma PL EPA (James et al. 2003) GLA may reduce Diabetes (Horrobin, 1997)
improvement in nerve flow

GLA may aid in weight control (Schirmer, MA and Phinney, SD. 2007)

Hempseed and Heart Health

o Plasma ALA and GLA levels significantly elevated o ALA levels significantly elevated in the hearts

Dietary hempseed appears to provide significant cardioprotective effects due to its highly enriched PUFA content.
- Canadian Centre for Agri-food Research in Health and Medicine St Boniface Hospital Research Centre (Al-khalifa, et al. 2007)

ALA and GLA improve Skin Health

Callaway and coworkers (2005) compared the effects of 2 Tablespoons of either hempseed oil or olive oil on skin parameters:
o20-week randomized, single-blind crossover study with atopic dermatitis patients (eczema):
Levels of LA, ALA and GLA increased in skin lipids after hempseed oil Significant reductions in transepidermal water loss (TEWL) values, skin dryness and itchiness Decrease in use of dermal medication

Composition of Antioxidants (Tocopherols)

Amount (mg/100g of Oil)

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Hemp Soybean Olive Canola Corn Sunflower

Alpha Gamma Delta

Content of Antioxidants in Specialty Oils

Amount (mg/100g of Oil)

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Borage Evening Primrose Hemp

Antioxidants Tocopherols (Vitamin E)

Black Current
10 2 80 8 Evening Primrose 40 55 5

Tocopherol (%)
Alpha Beta Gamma Delta

Hemp
10 1 85 4

Borage
10 20 70

Canola
30 6 60 4

Total Tocopherols (ppm)

600-1200

500-800

400-800

200-600

500-1200

Content of Sterols in Selected Oils

Content (mg/100g of oil)

120 100 80 60 40 20 0 Soybean Canola Sunflower Corn Olive Hemp

Phytosterols
Phytosterols (%)
Sitosterol Campesterol Stigmasterol

Hemp
55 15 15 800-1200

Borage
50 40 600-800

Black Current
75 8 10 500-900

Evening Primrose
90 8 0 600-800

Soybean
56 18 16 600-1400

Total Phytosterols (ppm)

o Possess potent cholesterol lowering capabilities. o Reduce cholesterol absorption by competing with cholesterol for uptake.

Nutritional Effects of Phytosterols

Control cholesterol level in the blood
Cholesterol replacers vegetarians

Substrates for hormones and regulatory components Lowering cholesterol absorption

Health Opportunities!
Clinical Trials to assess the Health Effects of Hemp:
1. Heart healthy fatty acid profile, an array of lipid lowering constituents including soluble fibre, phytosterols and Vitamin E, and highly digestible, high quality protein.
Assess effects on CVD and inflammatory biomarkers

2. Hemp Fibre, Diabetes and the Glycemic Index (GI)

Weight loss applications

PART II.
Hemp food products

Process Scheme
Oil
56% Omega 6 18% Omega 3 11% Omega 9

Coarse Hemp Powder

20% protein 5% fat 65% carbohydrates

Toasting

Pressing

Milling

Sifting

Toasted Seeds
23% protein 31% fat 34% carbohydrates

Hemp Seed

Cake

Wholeseed Flour

Protein Powder

23% protein 31% fat 34% carbohydrates

30% protein 8% fat 48% carbohydrates

30% protein 8% fat 48% carbohydrates

50% protein 12% fat 26% carbohydrates

Hulling

Hulled Seed

30% protein 41% fat 15% carbohydrates

Hemp products by HOC Inc.

o o o o o o They originate exclusively from food varieties of hemp. Hemp is not grown for fiber, only for seed production. Professional industrial processing guarantees highest quality. Solely hemp-based processing for gluten-free products. All products in conventional and EU Certified Organic quality. All products certified as: Fair Deal, Kosher, Halal.

Hemp Seed Oil

o Cold pressed at 46 C max. temperature (Raw)

o No sediments filtered to 1 m level (Micron Mesh)- only one on market

o Very low peroxide value: <4 meg/kg. o THC levels that are well below the THC levels allowed in the EU

Toasted Hemp Seed

o Toasted Hemp Seeds are a great snack food for leisure time or sport activity.
o Use directly or add to salads.

Hulled Hemp Seeds

o Hemp nuts are considered as one of the super foods and ideal source of energy. o Can be used for making vegetable and fruit salads, cereals, pasta or vegetarian hamburgers. o Can be added to everything from smoothies to cookies!

Hemp Flour
o Hemp flour contains 40% dietary fibre, highest of all commercially available cereals used for flour production. o Is naturally gluten free and contains 33% high quality, highly digestible protein. o Can be used to make all types of bread and pastry, pancakes and waffles up to 25% of total flour content.

Hemp Protein Powder

o Hemp Protein Powder is produced by carefully sifting Hemp Flour o Is Naturally Gluten Free and contains 4350% protein and 18-29% dietary fibre. o Can be used for making protein shakes or added to baked goods. o Endorsed by Nick Nilsson.

Hemp Protein Powder

o Hemp protein does not contain Trypsin inhibitors, which limits the absorption of proteins. Trypsin is an enzyme that breaks down the proteins into smaller peptides and amino acids. If tryspin is inhibited, the protein will not be broken down and will not be absorbed into the body. o Approx. 65% of hemp protein is in a form of Edestin only found in hemp seed. It helps digest, is relatively Phosphorus-free and is considered a building block of cell DNA. o The rest is Albumin, globular protein similar to protein of egg white.

Coarse Hemp Powder

o Coarse Hemp Powder contains 65% total dietary fibre. o The majority of Coarse Hemp Powder is insoluble fibre, which helps relieve constipation and cleans the digestion tract. o It gets rid of toxins from large intestine and prevents their further accumulation.

PART III.
Legal Aspects

Hemp Food

Hemp Foods are non-psychocactive containing less than 0.2% (EU) and 0.3% (Canada) THC in green parts of the plant. Allowable levels of THC in hemp derivatives is 10ppm (Canada) Psychoactive cannabis contains up to 20 % THC in green parts of the plant.

Legal limits for THC content

Czech Republic o Oil o o o o 50 ppm Canada/USA Canada if product contain below 10mg/kg (10 ppm) it is not regulated Switzerland Oil 50 ppm o Vegetable foods 2 ppm Seed 20 ppm Breads and pastries 5 ppm o Herb and fruit teas 0.2 ppm o Alcoholic and non-alcoholic drinks 0.2 ppm

Thank you for your attention.